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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀(dao)具選擇
從(cong)該(gai)(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)結構和技術參數可(ke)知(zhi),該(gai)(gai)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)屬于標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)結構,一般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形銑(xian)(xian) 刀的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按(an)大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)當量(liang)(liang)漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按(an)照小端設計(ji),并(bing)考慮留(liu)有一定精切余量(liang)(liang)。一 般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形銑(xian)(xian)刀有3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一套,刀號應按(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)當量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按(an)照下(xia)式(shi)計(ji)算:
熱(re)處理工藝方法及過(guo)程
如前文所(suo)述,機加工前對齒坯進行整體高溫(wen)(wen)正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)處(chu)理,正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工藝過程是,爐溫(wen)(wen)升至裝爐溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時(shi),將齒輪放 爐中,裝零件時(shi)如果需要疊放,疊放高度不要超過兩層,然后將零件加熱至920-940℃,使(shi)組織完全發(fa)生相變,保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)工藝:
由于(yu)該齒輪精度(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)高(gao),為(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)成(cheng)本,可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接淬(cui)火(huo)的(de)工(gong)藝方(fang)法,具 體方(fang)法是(shi)將零(ling)件(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要(yao)疊加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至840℃開始(shi)滴航空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至930℃時零(ling)件(jian)開始(shi)裝爐(lu)(lu)。排(pai)氣(qi)期(qi)(qi)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou),放入兩只(zhi)試棒,其中一(yi)只(zhi)試棒在擴散(san)時間(jian)為(wei)120 min時取出淬(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)淬(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du),根據檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)結(jie)果(guo)決定是(shi)否(fou)降溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴散(san)期(qi)(qi)延長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)(ke)按(an)照表1規定參數進行(xing),為(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中加裝氧傳(chuan)感(gan) 器的(de)方(fang)法進行(xing)監(jian)測和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感(gan)器通過氧化鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀態轉化為(wei)電勢(shi)差,上述(shu)差值通過控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系統(tong)的(de)比較和(he)(he)計(ji)算,確(que)定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否(fou)合適(shi)并(bing)對其進行(xing)自(zi)動(dong)優(you)化和(he)(he)調(diao)整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)并(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質量,確(que)保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期(qi)(qi)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou),零(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)(lu)直接淬(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)設備選(xuan)用專用恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)介質為(wei)專用等(deng)溫(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)油(you),介質溫(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定在110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零件(jian)的(de)殘余應(ying)力(li)并防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂(lie)紋的(de)產生(sheng),應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的(de)零件(jian)進行(xing)低溫回(hui)火(huo)處理,具體工藝(yi)方法是在當爐(lu)(lu)溫升至160℃左(zuo)右(you)時零 件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)設(she)備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工藝(yi)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)(chu)理后的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)放(fang)在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂機的(de)(de)(de)轉盤上進行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂處(chu)(chu)理,選用石(shi)英砂的(de)(de)(de)粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂過 程(cheng)中要經常翻動零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)使(shi)各面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂效果(guo)均勻。零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂完(wan)后,放(fang)入防(fang)銹液中浸泡2-4min后,在空氣(qi)中干 燥。需要注意的(de)(de)(de)是,防(fang)銹處(chu)(chu)理必須在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂后24小(xiao)時內完(wan)成。
效(xiao)果
上述方法簡(jian)單(dan)實用(yong),不需要(yao)專用(yong)裝(zhuang)備即可(ke)實現(xian)直(zhi)齒錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)的加(jia)工,且經(jing)濟性好,成本(ben)較低(di)。經(jing)對(dui) 加(jia)工后的錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)進行檢測,尺寸及形(xing)位精度(du)(du)均符合要(yao)求,滲碳層(ceng)深度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組(zu)織(zhi)為(wei)(wei) 單(dan)一的板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織(zhi),硬度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿足該零(ling)件的質 量要(yao)求。