東莞市銳鑫(xin)機電有限(xian)公司
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地址:東莞市虎(hu)門鎮(zhen)捷東南(nan)路9號
B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具選擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構(gou)和技術參數(shu)可知,該(gai)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬(shu)于標準(zhun)結構(gou),一(yi)般情(qing)況(kuang)下,標準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按大(da)端(duan)背錐(zhui)當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照(zhao)小端(duan)設(she)計,并考慮留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)精(jing)切余量。一(yi) 般情(qing)況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑刀有(you)3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)套(tao),刀號應按照(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可按照(zhao)下式計算:
熱處理(li)工藝方(fang)法及過(guo)程
如前(qian)文所(suo)述,機加工前(qian)對齒坯進行(xing)整體(ti)高溫正火處(chu)理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具(ju)體(ti)工藝(yi)過程是(shi),爐溫升(sheng)至(zhi)裝(zhuang)爐溫度400-650℃時(shi),將(jiang)齒輪放 爐中,裝(zhuang)零件(jian)時(shi)如果需要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高度不要超(chao)過兩層(ceng),然(ran)后將(jiang)零件(jian)加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織(zhi)完全(quan)發(fa)生相變,保溫30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正火工藝(yi):
由(you)于(yu)該齒(chi)輪精度(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很高(gao),為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火成本,可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接淬(cui)火的(de)工藝方(fang)法(fa),具(ju) 體方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)零(ling)件裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要疊加,爐溫(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始滴航空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐溫(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零(ling)件開始裝爐。排氣期結束后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)兩只(zhi)試棒,其(qi)中一只(zhi)試棒在(zai)擴(kuo)散時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取(qu)出(chu)淬(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻(que)并(bing)(bing)檢(jian)驗淬(cui)硬(ying)層深(shen)度(du),根據檢(jian)驗結果(guo)決定(ding)是(shi)否降溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)不(bu)足,擴(kuo)散期延長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按(an)照(zhao)表(biao)1規定(ding)參數(shu)進(jin)行,為(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)濃(nong)度(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐中加裝氧(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)感 器的(de)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行監測和控制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)感器通過氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鋯探頭(tou),將(jiang)(jiang)氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)(shi)(shi)差(cha),上述差(cha)值通過控制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)比較(jiao)和計算,確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)是(shi)否合(he)適并(bing)(bing)對(dui)其(qi)進(jin)行自(zi)動優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)并(bing)(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)質量,確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結束后(hou)(hou),零(ling)件出(chu)爐直接淬(cui)火。淬(cui)火設(she)備(bei)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分(fen)級淬(cui)火油(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恒定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻(que)30min后(hou)(hou),出(chu)爐空冷(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)零件的(de)殘余應力并(bing)防(fang)止(zhi)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)產生(sheng),應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)的(de)零件進行低溫(wen)(wen)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)處(chu)理(li),具體工藝(yi)方(fang)法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)160℃左(zuo)右時零 件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu),保溫(wen)(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)(huo)工藝(yi)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序(xu)處理
將熱處(chu)理(li)后的零(ling)件(jian)放在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機的轉盤上(shang)進行(xing)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)處(chu)理(li),選(xuan)用(yong)石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的粒度為10-20目(mu),在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)過(guo) 程中要經常翻動零(ling)件(jian)使(shi)各面噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)完(wan)后,放入防(fang)銹(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后,在空氣中干(gan) 燥。需要注意的是,防(fang)銹(xiu)處(chu)理(li)必須在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)后24小(xiao)時內完(wan)成。
效(xiao)果
上述方法簡單實用(yong),不需(xu)要專(zhuan)用(yong)裝備即可實現直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪的(de)加(jia)工,且經(jing)濟性好,成本較(jiao)低。經(jing)對 加(jia)工后的(de)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪進行檢測(ce),尺寸(cun)及形位精度均(jun)符(fu)合要求,滲碳層深度為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相組織為 單一(yi)的(de)板條狀回火馬(ma)氏體組織,硬度為HRC58-62。心部硬度為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該零件的(de)質 量要求。