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具體參數
拖泵制作工(gong)藝
刀(dao)具(ju)選擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)輪(lun)的結構和(he)技術(shu)參數(shu)(shu)可知,該(gai)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)屬于(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)結構,一(yi)般(ban)情況(kuang)下,標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按大端背錐(zhui)當(dang)量漸開線齒(chi)形(xing)(xing)設計,而(er)齒(chi)厚則按照(zhao)小端設計,并考慮留有(you)一(yi)定精切余量。一(yi) 般(ban)情況(kuang)下直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑刀有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀號應按照(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當(dang) 量齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可按照(zhao)下式(shi)計算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如(ru)(ru)前(qian)文所述,機加(jia)工前(qian)對齒坯進(jin)行(xing)整體高(gao)溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工藝(yi)過程是,爐溫(wen)升至(zhi)裝爐溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將齒輪放 爐中,裝零(ling)件(jian)時如(ru)(ru)果需要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高(gao)度(du)不要超過兩層(ceng),然后將零(ling)件(jian)加(jia)熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使(shi)組織完(wan)全(quan)發生相變,保(bao)溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正火工藝(yi):
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)要求不(bu)是很高,為(wei)(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本,可以采用(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方法,具 體(ti)方法是將零件裝入滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始(shi)(shi)滴航空煤油,煤油滴速為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零件開始(shi)(shi)裝爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期結束(shu)后(hou),放(fang)入兩(liang)只(zhi)試(shi)棒(bang)(bang),其中(zhong)一只(zhi)試(shi)棒(bang)(bang)在(zai)擴(kuo)散(san)(san)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)卻并檢(jian)驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層深度(du)(du),根據檢(jian)驗結果決定(ding)是否(fou)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴(kuo)散(san)(san)期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)可按照表1規(gui)定(ding)參數進(jin)(jin)行(xing),為(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)度(du)(du),可采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧傳感 器的(de)(de)方法進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監測和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧傳感器通(tong)過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯(gao)探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)勢差(cha),上述差(cha)值通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)比較和計算,確(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)勢的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)是否(fou)合適并對其進(jin)(jin)行(xing)自動優(you)化(hua)和調整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)可以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)并提(ti)高滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)質(zhi)量,確(que)保無塊(kuai)狀、網(wang)狀滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)設(she)備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期結束(shu)后(hou),零件出爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)設(she)備選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)油,介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后零件(jian)的(de)殘余應力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋(wen)的(de)產生,應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后的(de)零件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)低溫回火(huo)(huo)處理,具(ju)體工藝方法是在(zai)當爐溫升至160℃左(zuo)右時零 件(jian)開始裝爐,保溫120-150min后,出(chu)爐空冷,回火(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)爐。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回火(huo)(huo)工藝圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序(xu)處理
將(jiang)熱處理(li)后(hou)(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)(jian)放(fang)(fang)在噴(pen)砂(sha)機的轉(zhuan)盤上進(jin)行噴(pen)砂(sha)處理(li),選用石英砂(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程中要(yao)經常翻動(dong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)使(shi)各(ge)面(mian)噴(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)完后(hou)(hou),放(fang)(fang)入防銹液中浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在空氣中干 燥。需要(yao)注意的是,防銹處理(li)必須(xu)在噴(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)(hou)24小時內(nei)完成(cheng)。
效(xiao)果
上(shang)述方法簡單(dan)實用,不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)專用裝備即可(ke)實現直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪的加(jia)工(gong),且(qie)經(jing)濟(ji)性好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加(jia)工(gong)后(hou)的錐齒(chi)(chi)輪進行檢測,尺寸及形位精度均符合要(yao)(yao)求,滲碳層深度為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金相組(zu)織為 單(dan)一的板(ban)條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織,硬(ying)度為HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度為HRC36-40,完(wan)全可(ke)以(yi)滿足該零件(jian)的質 量要(yao)(yao)求。