東(dong)莞市銳(rui)鑫(xin)機電有限(xian)公(gong)司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝(yi)
刀具選擇
從該(gai)齒輪(lun)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)和技(ji)術參數(shu)可知,該(gai)錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)屬于(yu)標準結(jie)構(gou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況下,標準直齒錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)成形(xing)銑 刀(dao)的(de)齒形(xing)是按(an)大(da)端背錐(zhui)當量(liang)(liang)漸開線(xian)齒形(xing)設計(ji),而(er)齒厚則按(an)照小端設計(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定精切余量(liang)(liang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi) 般(ban)情(qing)況下直齒錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)成形(xing)銑刀(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)(yi)(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按(an)照錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)當量(liang)(liang)齒數(shu)來選(xuan)擇。當 量(liang)(liang)齒數(shu)Zv可按(an)照下式計(ji)算:
熱處(chu)理(li)工藝方法及過程
如前文所述(shu),機加工前對齒坯進(jin)行整體高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工藝(yi)過程是,爐溫(wen)升至裝爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放(fang) 爐中(zhong),裝零件(jian)時如果需要疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度不要超過兩層,然后(hou)將(jiang)零件(jian)加熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相(xiang)變,保(bao)溫(wen)30-50分鐘(zhong)后(hou),空冷即可。正火工藝(yi):
由于該齒(chi)輪(lun)精度要(yao)求(qiu)不是(shi)(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本(ben),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)工藝方法(fa)(fa),具 體(ti)方法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)將零件(jian)(jian)裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong),不要(yao)疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開(kai)始滴航空煤油,煤油滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時零件(jian)(jian)開(kai)始裝爐(lu)。排(pai)氣期結束(shu)后(hou),放入(ru)兩只試(shi)棒(bang),其中(zhong)一只試(shi)棒(bang)在擴散時間為(wei)(wei)120 min時取出(chu)淬(cui)油冷(leng)(leng)卻并檢驗淬(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度,根(gen)據檢驗結果決定(ding)是(shi)(shi)否降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度不足,擴散期延(yan)長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)表1規定(ding)參數進行(xing),為(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)度,可(ke)(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧(yang)(yang)傳感(gan) 器的(de)方法(fa)(fa)進行(xing)監測和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)(yang)傳感(gan)器通(tong)過氧(yang)(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)轉化為(wei)(wei)電勢差(cha),上述(shu)差(cha)值通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統(tong)的(de)比較和計算,確(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃(nong)度是(shi)(shi)否合(he)適(shi)并對其進行(xing)自動優化和調整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度并提(ti)高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)質量,確(que)保(bao)無塊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)(she)備采 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結束(shu)后(hou),零件(jian)(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)設(she)(she)備選用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分級(ji)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)油,介(jie)質溫(wen)度恒(heng)定(ding)在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷(leng)(leng)卻30min后(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空冷(leng)(leng)。
為(wei)(wei)消除淬火后零(ling)(ling)件的殘余應力并(bing)防止淬火裂紋的產生(sheng),應盡(jin)快將淬火后的零(ling)(ling)件進行低溫回火處理,具體工藝方法是在當爐(lu)溫升至160℃左右時零(ling)(ling) 件開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回火設備(bei)為(wei)(wei)RJJ-36-6回火爐(lu)。淬火及回火工藝圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后(hou)序(xu)處理(li)
將熱(re)處理后(hou)(hou)的(de)零件放(fang)在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處理,選用(yong)石英(ying)砂(sha)(sha)的(de)粒度(du)為10-20目,在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程(cheng)中(zhong)要經常翻動零件使各面(mian)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果(guo)均勻。零件噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完(wan)后(hou)(hou),放(fang)入防(fang)銹(xiu)(xiu)液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在空(kong)氣中(zhong)干 燥。需要注意(yi)的(de)是,防(fang)銹(xiu)(xiu)處理必(bi)須在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后(hou)(hou)24小(xiao)時內完(wan)成(cheng)。
效果
上述方法簡(jian)單(dan)實用,不需要(yao)專用裝備(bei)即可(ke)實現(xian)直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪的(de)加工,且(qie)經濟性(xing)好,成本較低。經對 加工后的(de)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪進行(xing)檢測,尺寸及形(xing)位精度(du)均符合要(yao)求(qiu),滲碳層深度(du)為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金相(xiang)組織為(wei)(wei) 單(dan)一的(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組織,硬(ying)度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心(xin)部硬(ying)度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿(man)足該(gai)零件的(de)質 量要(yao)求(qiu)。