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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝
刀(dao)具(ju)選擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)結構和技術(shu)參(can)數可(ke)知(zhi),該(gai)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標(biao)(biao)準結構,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)情(qing)況下,標(biao)(biao)準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)銑(xian) 刀(dao)(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)(an)大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)量漸(jian)開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照小(xiao)端設計(ji),并(bing)考慮留有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)精切余量。一(yi)(yi) 般(ban)(ban)情(qing)況下直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀(dao)(dao)號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按(an)(an)照下式(shi)計(ji)算:
熱處理(li)工(gong)藝方法及過程
如前(qian)(qian)文(wen)所述(shu),機加(jia)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)(qian)對齒(chi)坯(pi)進行整體高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工(gong)(gong)藝過程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪(lun)放 爐(lu)中,裝零件時如果需(xu)要(yao)疊(die)放,疊(die)放高度不要(yao)超過兩層,然后(hou)將零件加(jia)熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使(shi)組織完全發生相(xiang)變,保(bao)溫(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可(ke)。正火工(gong)(gong)藝:
由于該齒(chi)輪精(jing)度(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是(shi)很高(gao),為降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)工(gong)藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)將零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要(yao)疊加(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始滴(di)航空煤(mei)油,煤(mei)油滴(di)速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)開始裝爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期(qi)結束后(hou)(hou),放入兩只(zhi)試棒(bang),其(qi)中一只(zhi)試棒(bang)在擴散時(shi)間(jian)為120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)油冷(leng)卻并(bing)(bing)檢驗(yan)淬(cui)硬層深度(du),根據檢驗(yan)結果決定(ding)是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴散期(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照表1規定(ding)參(can)數(shu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing),為控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加(jia)裝氧傳感(gan) 器的(de)方法進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監測和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧傳感(gan)器通(tong)過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探(tan)頭,將氣(qi)氛狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為電勢(shi)差,上(shang)述差值(zhi)通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系(xi)統的(de)比較和計算,確(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否合適并(bing)(bing)對其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)自動優(you)化(hua)和調(diao)整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并(bing)(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質(zhi)量(liang),確(que)保(bao)無塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)(she)備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期(qi)結束后(hou)(hou),零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)出爐(lu)直接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)設(she)(she)備(bei)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)為專用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分級(ji)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)油,介(jie)質(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)恒定(ding)在110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消除(chu)淬火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)(ling)件的殘余應(ying)力并防止(zhi)淬火(huo)裂紋的產生,應(ying)盡快(kuai)將淬火(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)(ling)件進行低(di)溫(wen)(wen)回(hui)火(huo)處理,具體(ti)工藝(yi)方(fang)法是在當爐溫(wen)(wen)升至160℃左右時零(ling)(ling) 件開(kai)始裝爐,保溫(wen)(wen)120-150min后(hou),出(chu)爐空冷,回(hui)火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐。淬火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工藝(yi)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序處理
將(jiang)熱(re)處理后的零(ling)件放在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機的轉盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)處理,選用石英(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經常翻動零(ling)件使各面(mian)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)效(xiao)果均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)完(wan)后,放入防(fang)銹液中(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在空氣中(zhong)干(gan) 燥。需要注意的是,防(fang)銹處理必須(xu)在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)后24小(xiao)時內完(wan)成。
效果
上(shang)述方法(fa)簡單實(shi)(shi)用,不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)專用裝備(bei)即可實(shi)(shi)現直齒錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪的加工(gong),且經濟性好(hao),成本較低(di)。經對 加工(gong)后(hou)的錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪進行檢測,尺寸及形位(wei)精度(du)(du)均(jun)符合要(yao)(yao)求,滲碳層深度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)(bu)金相組織(zhi)為 單一的板條(tiao)狀回火馬(ma)氏體(ti)組織(zhi),硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心(xin)部(bu)(bu)硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以滿(man)足該(gai)零件(jian)的質(zhi) 量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求。