東(dong)莞(guan)市(shi)銳鑫機電有限公(gong)司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵制(zhi)作工(gong)藝(yi)
刀具選擇
從(cong)該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)結構和(he)技(ji)術參數(shu)可知,該(gai)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬(shu)于(yu)標準結構,一般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia),標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)大端背(bei)錐當量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計(ji)(ji),而(er)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按(an)照小端設(she)計(ji)(ji),并考慮留有一定(ding)精切余(yu)量(liang)。一 般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑刀(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一套(tao),刀(dao)號應按(an)照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可按(an)照下(xia)式計(ji)(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法(fa)及過程
如前文所述(shu),機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)前對齒(chi)坯進(jin)行整體高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)正(zheng)火(huo)處理,正(zheng)火(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工(gong)藝(yi)過程是,爐溫(wen)升至裝爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝零件(jian)時如果(guo)需要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高(gao)(gao)度不要超過兩層,然后將零件(jian)加(jia)熱(re)至920-940℃,使組織完全(quan)發生相變(bian),保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正(zheng)火(huo)工(gong)藝(yi):
由于該(gai)齒(chi)輪精度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是很高,為降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬火成本,可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接(jie)淬火的(de)(de)(de)工藝方法(fa),具(ju) 體(ti)方法(fa)是將零(ling)件(jian)(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要(yao)疊(die)加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開始(shi)滴航空(kong)煤(mei)油,煤(mei)油滴速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)開始(shi)裝爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期結(jie)束后(hou),放(fang)入兩只(zhi)試(shi)棒(bang),其中一(yi)只(zhi)試(shi)棒(bang)在擴散時(shi)間為120 min時(shi)取(qu)出(chu)(chu)淬油冷卻并(bing)檢驗淬硬層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du),根據檢驗結(jie)果(guo)決定是否(fou)降溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散期延(yan)長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照表1規定參(can)數進(jin)(jin)(jin)行,為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)感 器的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行監測和控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器通(tong)過(guo)(guo)氧(yang)化鋯(gao)探(tan)頭,將氣(qi)氛(fen)狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)化為電勢(shi)差(cha),上述(shu)差(cha)值通(tong)過(guo)(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較和計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)是否(fou)合適并(bing)對其進(jin)(jin)(jin)行自(zi)動優化和調整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)以達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提(ti)高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)質量,確保無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結(jie)束后(hou),零(ling)件(jian)(jian)出(chu)(chu)爐(lu)直接(jie)淬火。淬火設(she)備(bei)選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)油槽,淬 火介質為專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬火油,介質溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒定在110-120℃之間,冷卻30min后(hou),出(chu)(chu)爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后零件(jian)的殘(can)余應力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋的產生(sheng),應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后的零件(jian)進行低溫回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)處(chu)理,具體(ti)工藝方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至160℃左右時零 件(jian)開始裝爐(lu),保(bao)溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后(hou)序處(chu)理
將(jiang)熱處理(li)后(hou)的(de)零件放在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉盤上(shang)進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處理(li),選用(yong)石英砂(sha)的(de)粒(li)度為(wei)10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過 程中要經(jing)常翻動零件使(shi)各(ge)面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效果(guo)均勻。零件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完后(hou),放入(ru)防銹液(ye)中浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)空氣中干 燥。需要注(zhu)意的(de)是,防銹處理(li)必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)24小時(shi)內(nei)完成。
效果
上(shang)述方法簡單(dan)實(shi)用,不需要專用裝備即可(ke)實(shi)現直齒錐齒輪的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong),且經濟性好(hao),成(cheng)本較低。經對 加(jia)工(gong)(gong)后的(de)(de)錐齒輪進行檢測(ce),尺寸及形位(wei)精度均符合要求,滲碳層深度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織(zhi)為(wei) 單(dan)一(yi)的(de)(de)板條狀回火(huo)馬氏體組織(zhi),硬(ying)度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度為(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可(ke)以滿足該零件的(de)(de)質(zhi) 量要求。