東莞市銳鑫(xin)機電有限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)和技術參數可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)屬于標準結(jie)構(gou)(gou),一般(ban)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑(xian) 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按大(da)端(duan)背錐(zhui)當量(liang)漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)設計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按照小端(duan)設計(ji),并考慮留有一定精切余量(liang)。一 般(ban)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑(xian)刀(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一套,刀(dao)號應按照錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來(lai)選(xuan)擇(ze)。當 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按照下式計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如前文所述,機(ji)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)前對(dui)齒(chi)坯(pi)進(jin)行整(zheng)體高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)正(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)火設備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐,具(ju)體工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)是,爐溫(wen)升(sheng)至裝(zhuang)爐溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝(zhuang)零(ling)件時如果需要(yao)疊放,疊放高(gao)(gao)度(du)不(bu)要(yao)超過兩層,然后將(jiang)零(ling)件加(jia)(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組織完全(quan)發生相變(bian),保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正(zheng)火工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi):
由于(yu)該(gai)齒(chi)輪(lun)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火成本,可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火的(de)(de)工藝方法(fa),具 體方法(fa)是(shi)將零(ling)(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中,不(bu)要(yao)疊(die)加(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始滴航空(kong)煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)開(kai)始裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期結(jie)(jie)束后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)兩只(zhi)試棒,其中一只(zhi)試棒在擴(kuo)散時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)120 min時(shi)取(qu)出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)冷卻并檢驗(yan)(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深度(du),根據檢驗(yan)(yan)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)決(jue)定是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)不(bu)足,擴(kuo)散期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照(zhao)表1規(gui)定參數進行,為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)氧傳感 器(qi)的(de)(de)方法(fa)進行監測和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感器(qi)通過氧化(hua)鋯探(tan)頭,將氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢差(cha),上述(shu)差(cha)值通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系(xi)統的(de)(de)比較(jiao)和(he)計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)勢的(de)(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否合適并對(dui)其進行自動優(you)化(hua)和(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)可(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)并提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)質量,確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)設備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期結(jie)(jie)束后(hou)(hou),零(ling)(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火設備(bei)選用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui) 火介(jie)質為(wei)專用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火油(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)恒定在110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為消除淬火(huo)后零(ling)件的(de)殘余應力并防止淬火(huo)裂紋的(de)產(chan)生,應盡快將淬火(huo)后的(de)零(ling)件進行低溫回(hui)火(huo)處(chu)理(li),具體工(gong)藝方(fang)法是(shi)在當爐(lu)溫升至160℃左右時(shi)零(ling) 件開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)設(she)備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工(gong)藝圖見(jian)圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)(chu)理后的零件放(fang)在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機的轉盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處(chu)(chu)理,選用石英砂(sha)(sha)的粒度(du)為10-20目(mu),在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)(zhong)要經常翻動零件使(shi)各(ge)面噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零件噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完(wan)后,放(fang)入防銹液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在空氣中(zhong)(zhong)干 燥(zao)。需要注意的是,防銹處(chu)(chu)理必須在噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后24小時內完(wan)成。
效果
上述方法簡單(dan)實(shi)用,不(bu)需要專用裝備即可實(shi)現(xian)直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪的(de)加工,且經(jing)濟(ji)性好(hao),成本較低。經(jing)對 加工后的(de)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪進行檢(jian)測,尺寸及形位精度(du)(du)均符合(he)要求,滲(shen)碳層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金相組織為(wei) 單(dan)一的(de)板條(tiao)狀(zhuang)回火馬氏體(ti)組織,硬(ying)度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以(yi)滿足(zu)該零件的(de)質 量(liang)要求。