東莞市銳(rui)鑫機(ji)電(dian)有限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具選擇
從(cong)該齒(chi)(chi)輪的(de)結(jie)構和技術參數(shu)(shu)可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪屬(shu)于標(biao)準結(jie)構,一般情(qing)(qing)況下(xia),標(biao)準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪成形銑 刀(dao)(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)形是按(an)大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)當量(liang)(liang)漸開線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形設計(ji),而(er)齒(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按(an)照(zhao)小端設計(ji),并考慮留有(you)一定(ding)精切余(yu)量(liang)(liang)。一 般情(qing)(qing)況下(xia)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪成形銑刀(dao)(dao)有(you)3把、8把、15把、26把一套(tao),刀(dao)(dao)號(hao)應按(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪當量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當 量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可(ke)按(an)照(zhao)下(xia)式計(ji)算(suan):
熱處(chu)理工藝方法(fa)及過程
如前文所述,機加工前對齒坯進行整體高溫(wen)正(zheng)火(huo)處理,正(zheng)火(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱式(shi)爐,具體工藝(yi)過程是,爐溫(wen)升至裝爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放(fang) 爐中,裝零件時如果需要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度不要(yao)超(chao)過兩層,然后將(jiang)零件加熱至920-940℃,使(shi)組(zu)織完(wan)全發(fa)生相變,保(bao)溫(wen)30-50分鐘(zhong)后,空冷(leng)即可。正(zheng)火(huo)工藝(yi):
由于該(gai)齒(chi)輪(lun)精度(du)(du)要求不是(shi)很高,為(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)成(cheng)本(ben),可以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方法,具 體(ti)方法是(shi)將零(ling)件裝入(ru)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong),不要疊加(jia)(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始滴(di)(di)航空(kong)煤(mei)油,煤(mei)油滴(di)(di)速(su)為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)零(ling)件開(kai)始裝爐(lu)。排氣期結束后,放入(ru)兩只試棒,其中(zhong)一只試棒在(zai)擴(kuo)散(san)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)油冷卻(que)并檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬(ying)層深度(du)(du),根據檢驗(yan)結果(guo)決(jue)定是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen),若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)不足,擴(kuo)散(san)期延長(chang)至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可按照表1規定參(can)數(shu)進(jin)行(xing),為(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du)(du),可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)裝氧(yang)傳感 器的(de)(de)方法進(jin)行(xing)監測和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳感器通(tong)過氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)態轉化(hua)(hua)為(wei)電勢差,上(shang)述差值通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)比較(jiao)和計算,確(que)定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)是(shi)否合(he)適并對其進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)動優(you)化(hua)(hua)和調整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)可以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)并提高滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量,確(que)保無(wu)塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結束后,零(ling)件出爐(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)油,介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)恒(heng)定在(zai)110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻(que)30min后,出爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)后零(ling)(ling)件的殘余應(ying)力并防止(zhi)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)裂紋的產(chan)生(sheng),應(ying)盡快(kuai)將(jiang)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)后的零(ling)(ling)件進行低(di)溫(wen)回火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)處理(li),具體工藝方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左(zuo)右時(shi)零(ling)(ling) 件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu),保(bao)溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)及回火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)工藝圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)理后的(de)零件放在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機的(de)轉(zhuan)盤(pan)上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處(chu)理,選用石英砂(sha)(sha)的(de)粒度為10-20目(mu),在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程中要經常翻動零件使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零件噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完后,放入防銹(xiu)(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣中干 燥。需要注(zhu)意的(de)是,防銹(xiu)(xiu)處(chu)理必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后24小時內完成(cheng)。
效果
上述方法簡單(dan)實(shi)(shi)用(yong),不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)專用(yong)裝備即(ji)可實(shi)(shi)現直齒錐齒輪的(de)加工,且(qie)經(jing)濟性好(hao),成本(ben)較低。經(jing)對(dui) 加工后的(de)錐齒輪進(jin)行檢測,尺(chi)寸及形位精度(du)(du)均(jun)符合要(yao)(yao)求,滲碳層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金相(xiang)組織為 單(dan)一的(de)板(ban)條狀回火馬(ma)氏體組織,硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以(yi)滿(man)足該零件的(de)質 量要(yao)(yao)求。