東(dong)莞市(shi)銳鑫機電有限(xian)公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制(zhi)作工藝
刀(dao)具選擇(ze)
從(cong)該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技術參(can)數(shu)可知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于(yu)標準結構,一(yi)般情況(kuang)下(xia),標準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按(an)(an)大(da)端背錐(zhui)當量漸(jian)開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照小端設計,并考慮留(liu)有(you)(you)一(yi)定精(jing)切余(yu)量。一(yi) 般情況(kuang)下(xia)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑刀有(you)(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可按(an)(an)照下(xia)式計算:
熱處理(li)工(gong)藝方(fang)法及(ji)過程
如(ru)(ru)前(qian)(qian)文所述,機(ji)加工前(qian)(qian)對齒坯進行(xing)整(zheng)體高(gao)溫(wen)正(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu)(lu),具體工藝過程是(shi),爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang)(fang) 爐(lu)(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零(ling)件(jian)時如(ru)(ru)果需(xu)要疊(die)放(fang)(fang),疊(die)放(fang)(fang)高(gao)度不要超過兩層,然(ran)后將零(ling)件(jian)加熱(re)至(zhi)920-940℃,使(shi)組織完(wan)全發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空(kong)冷即(ji)可。正(zheng)火工藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)要求(qiu)不(bu)是很(hen)高(gao)(gao),為降低(di)滲(shen)碳淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火成(cheng)本,可以采用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)碳后(hou)(hou)直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火的(de)工藝(yi)方法(fa),具 體方法(fa)是將(jiang)零件裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入滲(shen)碳筐(kuang)中,不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開始滴航空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時零件開始裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期(qi)(qi)結束(shu)后(hou)(hou),放入兩只(zhi)試棒(bang),其中一(yi)只(zhi)試棒(bang)在擴散時間為120 min時取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)冷卻(que)(que)并檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du),根據(ju)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)結果決定是否降溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)碳層深(shen)度(du)(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴散期(qi)(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)碳時可按照(zhao)表(biao)1規定參數進行,為控制(zhi)滲(shen)碳時的(de)碳勢(shi)(shi)濃(nong)度(du)(du),可采用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)碳爐(lu)中加裝(zhuang)(zhuang)氧傳感 器(qi)的(de)方法(fa)進行監測和控制(zhi),氧傳感器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)氧化(hua)(hua)鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)氣(qi)氛(fen)狀態轉化(hua)(hua)為電勢(shi)(shi)差(cha),上述差(cha)值通(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi) 系(xi)統的(de)比較和計算(suan),確定碳勢(shi)(shi)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)是否合適并對其進行自動優化(hua)(hua)和調整,使碳勢(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)精度(du)(du)可以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有(you)效(xiao)控制(zhi)滲(shen)碳層深(shen)度(du)(du)并提高(gao)(gao)滲(shen)碳層的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量,確保無(wu)塊狀、網狀滲(shen)碳物,滲(shen)碳設(she)(she)備采 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)碳爐(lu)。滲(shen)碳均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期(qi)(qi)結束(shu)后(hou)(hou),零件出(chu)爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火設(she)(she)備選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)為專用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分(fen)級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火油(you),介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒定在110-120℃之間,冷卻(que)(que)30min后(hou)(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空冷。
為消除淬火(huo)后零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)殘余應(ying)力并防(fang)止淬火(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬火(huo)后的(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)進行低溫(wen)回火(huo)處理,具體工藝(yi)方(fang)法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)160℃左(zuo)右時零(ling)(ling) 件(jian)開始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)空(kong)冷,回火(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)及回火(huo)工藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后序處理
將(jiang)熱(re)處理后的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)放(fang)在噴砂(sha)機的(de)(de)轉盤上進行噴砂(sha)處理,選用石英砂(sha)的(de)(de)粒(li)度為10-20目,在噴砂(sha)過 程中要經常翻動零(ling)(ling)件(jian)使各面(mian)噴砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)噴砂(sha)完后,放(fang)入防(fang)銹液中浸泡2-4min后,在空(kong)氣(qi)中干 燥。需要注意的(de)(de)是,防(fang)銹處理必須在噴砂(sha)后24小時(shi)內完成(cheng)。
效果
上述(shu)方(fang)法簡單實(shi)用,不需要專用裝備即(ji)可實(shi)現直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪的加工(gong),且經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加工(gong)后的錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪進行(xing)檢測,尺寸及形位精度(du)均符合要求,滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部(bu)金相組織(zhi)為 單一的板條狀回火馬氏(shi)體組織(zhi),硬(ying)度(du)為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬(ying)度(du)為HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以滿足該(gai)零(ling)件(jian)的質 量要求。