東莞(guan)市(shi)銳鑫機電有(you)限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵制作(zuo)工(gong)藝
刀具選擇(ze)
從該齒(chi)(chi)輪的結構和(he)技術參數可知(zhi),該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪屬于(yu)標準結構,一(yi)(yi)般情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia),標準直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)銑 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按大端背錐(zhui)當量漸(jian)開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按照小端設(she)(she)計(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)(yi)定精切余(yu)量。一(yi)(yi) 般情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)銑刀(dao)有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按照錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪當量齒(chi)(chi)數來選擇(ze)。當 量齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照下(xia)(xia)式計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法及(ji)過程
如前文(wen)所述,機加(jia)工前對齒(chi)坯(pi)進(jin)行整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體(ti)(ti)工藝過程(cheng)是,爐溫(wen)升至裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒(chi)輪(lun)放 爐中,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)零(ling)件時如果需要疊放,疊放高度不要超過兩層(ceng),然后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)零(ling)件加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生(sheng)相變,保溫(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后(hou)(hou),空冷即(ji)可。正火工藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)要求不(bu)是很(hen)高,為降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火成本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接(jie)淬(cui)火的(de)工藝方法,具 體(ti)方法是將零(ling)件裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong),不(bu)要疊加(jia),爐溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始(shi)(shi)滴航空(kong)煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為60-80d/min, 爐溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升至930℃時零(ling)件開始(shi)(shi)裝爐。排氣(qi)期(qi)(qi)結束(shu)后(hou)(hou),放入兩只試棒(bang),其中(zhong)一只試棒(bang)在擴(kuo)散時間為120 min時取出淬(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻(que)并檢(jian)(jian)驗淬(cui)硬層(ceng)深度(du)(du),根據檢(jian)(jian)驗結果決定是否(fou)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴(kuo)散期(qi)(qi)延長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)按(an)照(zhao)表1規定參數進(jin)行(xing),為控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐中(zhong)加(jia)裝氧傳感 器(qi)的(de)方法進(jin)行(xing)監測和控(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感器(qi)通過(guo)氧化鋯探頭(tou),將氣(qi)氛狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉化為電(dian)勢(shi)差(cha),上(shang)述(shu)差(cha)值通過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)比(bi)較和計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)濃度(du)(du)是否(fou)合適并對其進(jin)行(xing)自動優化和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)并提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質量,確保無(wu)塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)期(qi)(qi)結束(shu)后(hou)(hou),零(ling)件出爐直接(jie)淬(cui)火。淬(cui)火設(she)備(bei)選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火介質為專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)火油(you),介質溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒定在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷(leng)卻(que)30min后(hou)(hou),出爐空(kong)冷(leng)。
為(wei)(wei)消除(chu)淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)零件的(de)殘余應力并防止淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應盡快將(jiang)淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)的(de)零件進行(xing)低溫(wen)回火(huo)(huo)(huo)處(chu)理,具體工(gong)藝(yi)方法是在當爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至160℃左右(you)時(shi)零 件開(kai)始(shi)裝爐(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)(wei)RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)及(ji)回火(huo)(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝(yi)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序(xu)處理
將熱處(chu)理(li)后(hou)的(de)零件(jian)放在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機的(de)轉盤(pan)上進行噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處(chu)理(li),選用(yong)石英砂(sha)(sha)的(de)粒(li)度為(wei)10-20目(mu),在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過(guo) 程(cheng)中(zhong)要經常翻(fan)動零件(jian)使各面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效(xiao)果(guo)均勻(yun)。零件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完(wan)后(hou),放入防銹液(ye)中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)空氣中(zhong)干 燥(zao)。需要注意的(de)是,防銹處(chu)理(li)必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后(hou)24小時內完(wan)成。
效果
上述方法簡單(dan)實用(yong),不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)裝(zhuang)備即可實現直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)加工,且經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加工后的(de)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)進(jin)行檢測,尺(chi)寸及形(xing)位精度(du)均(jun)符合要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),滲碳(tan)層深度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相組織為(wei) 單(dan)一的(de)板(ban)條狀回火(huo)馬氏體(ti)組織,硬度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心(xin)部硬度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全(quan)可以滿足(zu)該零件的(de)質 量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。