隨著現代(dai)工(gong)(gong)業的興(xing)起，以混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土為主(zhu)材料的建設方式已(yi)經成為了建筑業施工(gong)(gong)的主(zhu)要構(gou)造之一，在(zai)各種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)建設中占(zhan)據了很(hen)大的比例，使得(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土機(ji)械的發展經久不衰，且有越演越烈的形勢。拖式混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土泵，簡(jian)稱拖泵，是(shi)各種(zhong)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土機(ji)械中的一種(zhong)，用于混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土施工(gong)(gong)中的輸(shu)送和澆注工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

拖泵分類選型

37千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)（目(mu)前國(guo)內(nei)標準混凝(ning)土泵，37千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)以下(xia)為細石(shi)砂漿泵）、45千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、55千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、75千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、90千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、110千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、130千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)（柴(chai)油(you)）、132千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、162千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)（柴(chai)油(you)）、174千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)（柴(chai)油(you)）等(deng)。

選(xuan)擇(ze)多大電機混凝(ning)土(tu)泵，首先(xian)要考(kao)慮變壓器容量(liang)，其次考(kao)慮距離混凝(ning)土(tu)泵的(de)遠近(jin)和(he)線(xian)徑大小(xiao)(xiao)，以(yi)免(mian)壓降過大造成電流(liu)增高或跳閘停機，過大功(gong)率(lv)造成成本增加和(he)使用不便。電機過小(xiao)(xiao)，同(tong)時也滿足不了工程需要。

混(hun)凝(ning)土輸送(song)(song)泵(beng)功率、混(hun)凝(ning)土輸送(song)(song)泵(beng)出口(kou)壓力、混(hun)凝(ning)土輸送(song)(song)泵(beng)輸送(song)(song)量之間的(de)關系

一臺混(hun)凝土輸(shu)送(song)(song)泵(beng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)功率(lv)(lv)是決定(ding)(ding)出口壓力和輸(shu)送(song)(song)方量的(de)(de)前提(ti)條(tiao)件(jian)，在電(dian)(dian)機(ji)功率(lv)(lv)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，壓力的(de)(de)升(sheng)高必將使輸(shu)送(song)(song)量降低；相反，降低出口壓力，將會(hui)使輸(shu)送(song)(song)量增加。

為了(le)(le)保證混(hun)凝土輸(shu)(shu)送泵(beng)既(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)有較(jiao)大輸(shu)(shu)送量，又(you)能有一定的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)壓(ya)力和與之相(xiang)匹配的(de)(de)經濟功(gong)(gong)率，在混(hun)凝土輸(shu)(shu)送泵(beng)的(de)(de)設計中(zhong)，大都采(cai)用(yong)了(le)(le)恒(heng)功(gong)(gong)率柱塞泵(beng)；即恒(heng)功(gong)(gong)率值選定后，當出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)壓(ya)力升高(gao)時，油泵(beng)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)排量會自動(dong)降低，達到(dao)(dao)與功(gong)(gong)率設計相(xiang)對應(ying)的(de)(de)值；如(ru)果既(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)達到(dao)(dao)出(chu)(chu)口(kou)(kou)壓(ya)力高(gao)，又(you)想得(de)到(dao)(dao)輸(shu)(shu)送量大的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。惟一的(de)(de)途徑就是增加電機功(gong)(gong)率。

因此(ci)，在國家新標準中(zhong)，引用(yong)了(le)(le)混凝土(tu)輸送(song)泵的(de)能力指數概(gai)念（以(yi)MPa·m3/h為度(du)量單位）；即混凝土(tu)輸送(song)泵的(de)實際(ji)出口壓(ya)(ya)力與(yu)每小時實際(ji)輸送(song)量之乘(cheng)積，該值越大(da)，其能力指數也越大(da)，電機的(de)功(gong)(gong)率也將越大(da)，由此(ci)實現大(da)排量、高(gao)(gao)揚程的(de)目的(de)。科尼樂公司在設計時，還采用(yong)了(le)(le)高(gao)(gao)低壓(ya)(ya)切換的(de)功(gong)(gong)能設計，以(yi)滿足不同(tong)的(de)施工(gong)要求，在經濟(ji)狀態下，又(you)能產生較(jiao)大(da)的(de)輸送(song)量，或者以(yi)相同(tong)的(de)電機功(gong)(gong)率，產生較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)出口壓(ya)(ya)力。