東(dong)莞(guan)市(shi)銳(rui)鑫機電有限公(gong)司(si)
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B棟(dong)401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作(zuo)工藝
刀具選(xuan)擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)結(jie)構和技術參數(shu)(shu)可知,該(gai)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)屬于標(biao)準結(jie)構,一(yi)(yi)般情況下,標(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian) 刀的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)大端(duan)背錐(zhui)(zhui)當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計(ji)(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按(an)照(zhao)小端(duan)設(she)計(ji)(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)(yi)定精切余(yu)量。一(yi)(yi) 般情況下直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian)刀有3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀號應按(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可按(an)照(zhao)下式計(ji)(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程(cheng)
如前文所述,機加工(gong)前對(dui)齒坯進行整體高溫正火處(chu)理(li),正火設(she)備(bei)為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式(shi)爐(lu)(lu),具體工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程是,爐(lu)(lu)溫升至(zhi)(zhi)裝爐(lu)(lu)溫度(du)400-650℃時,將齒輪放 爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong),裝零件時如果需(xu)要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高度(du)不(bu)要超過(guo)兩層,然后(hou)將零件加熱至(zhi)(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷(leng)即可。正火工(gong)藝(yi):
由于該(gai)齒(chi)輪精度要求不(bu)是很高(gao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本(ben),可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的工藝方(fang)法(fa),具 體方(fang)法(fa)是將零(ling)件(jian)裝入滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始滴航空(kong)煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴速(su)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零(ling)件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)。排氣期結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou),放入兩只(zhi)試棒(bang),其中一只(zhi)試棒(bang)在(zai)擴散時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)冷卻并(bing)(bing)檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度,根據檢驗(yan)結(jie)果決(jue)定(ding)是否降溫(wen),若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度不(bu)足,擴散期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表(biao)1規定(ding)參數進(jin)行,為(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度,可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加裝氧(yang)傳感(gan) 器(qi)的方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行監測和(he)控(kong)(kong)制,氧(yang)傳感(gan)器(qi)通過(guo)(guo)氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛(fen)狀態(tai)轉化為(wei)(wei)(wei)電勢差,上述差值通過(guo)(guo)控(kong)(kong)制 系統的比(bi)較和(he)計算,確(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的濃度是否合(he)適并(bing)(bing)對其進(jin)行自動優化和(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)(kong)制精度可(ke)以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有(you)效控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度并(bing)(bing)提(ti)高(gao)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的質量,確(que)保(bao)無(wu)塊(kuai)狀、網狀滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備采 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou),零(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)設(she)備選用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分(fen)級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)度恒定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為消除淬(cui)火后零(ling)件的殘余(yu)應(ying)力并(bing)防(fang)止淬(cui)火裂紋的產生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)火后的零(ling)件進行低(di)溫(wen)回(hui)(hui)火處(chu)理,具(ju)體(ti)工藝方法是在當爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)160℃左右時(shi)零(ling) 件開始(shi)裝爐(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)空(kong)冷(leng),回(hui)(hui)火設(she)備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火爐(lu)。淬(cui)火及(ji)回(hui)(hui)火工藝圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5:
后序處(chu)理
將(jiang)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)放在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)(de)轉盤上(shang)進(jin)行噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理(li)(li),選用(yong)石英砂(sha)的(de)(de)粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過 程(cheng)中(zhong)要經常(chang)翻動零(ling)件(jian)使(shi)各面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完后,放入防(fang)銹(xiu)液中(zhong)浸泡(pao)2-4min后,在空氣中(zhong)干 燥(zao)。需要注意的(de)(de)是,防(fang)銹(xiu)處(chu)理(li)(li)必(bi)須在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后24小時(shi)內完成。
效果
上述方(fang)法簡(jian)單(dan)實用(yong)(yong),不需要(yao)專用(yong)(yong)裝備(bei)即(ji)可(ke)實現直齒錐齒輪的加工(gong),且經濟性好(hao),成(cheng)本(ben)較低。經對 加工(gong)后的錐齒輪進行檢測,尺寸及形(xing)位精(jing)度(du)均符合要(yao)求,滲碳層深度(du)為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei) 單(dan)一的板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿(man)足該零(ling)件的質 量要(yao)求。