東莞(guan)市銳鑫機(ji)電有(you)限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工(gong)藝
刀具選(xuan)擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)輪的結構和技術(shu)參數可知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)輪屬于(yu)標準(zhun)結構,一般情(qing)況下,標準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪成形銑 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)形是(shi)按(an)(an)大端背錐當(dang)(dang)量漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)形設計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按(an)(an)照小端設計(ji),并(bing)考慮留有一定精(jing)切余量。一 般情(qing)況下直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪成形銑刀(dao)有3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一套,刀(dao)號應按(an)(an)照錐齒(chi)(chi)輪當(dang)(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當(dang)(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)(an)照下式計(ji)算:
熱(re)處理工藝方(fang)法及過程
如前(qian)文所(suo)述(shu),機加(jia)工前(qian)對齒(chi)坯(pi)進行整體高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工藝(yi)過程是(shi),爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零(ling)件時如果(guo)需(xu)要(yao)疊放,疊放高度不要(yao)超過兩層(ceng),然(ran)后將零(ling)件加(jia)熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變(bian),保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可(ke)。正火工藝(yi):
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是很高(gao),為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火成本,可以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火的(de)工(gong)藝方法(fa),具 體方法(fa)是將(jiang)零(ling)件裝(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中,不(bu)要(yao)疊加(jia),爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始(shi)滴航(hang)空(kong)煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時零(ling)件開(kai)始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排(pai)氣期(qi)結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),放(fang)入(ru)兩(liang)只(zhi)試棒,其中一只(zhi)試棒在擴散(san)時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時取(qu)出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)冷卻(que)并檢(jian)驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du),根據檢(jian)驗結(jie)果決定(ding)是否降(jiang)溫,若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散(san)期(qi)延長(chang)至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時可按照表1規定(ding)參(can)數(shu)進行(xing)(xing),為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)濃度(du)(du)(du),可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加(jia)裝(zhuang)氧(yang)傳感 器(qi)的(de)方法(fa)進行(xing)(xing)監測(ce)和(he)控(kong)制,氧(yang)傳感器(qi)通過氧(yang)化(hua)鋯探頭(tou),將(jiang)氣氛狀態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)勢(shi)(shi)差,上(shang)述差值通過控(kong)制 系統的(de)比較和(he)計算,確(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)的(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)是否合適(shi)并對其進行(xing)(xing)自動(dong)優(you)化(hua)和(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)控(kong)制精度(du)(du)(du)可以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有效(xiao)控(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)質(zhi)量,確(que)保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)均溫期(qi)結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),零(ling)件出爐(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)火設備選用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)等溫分級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)火油(you),介質(zhi)溫度(du)(du)(du)恒(heng)定(ding)在110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻(que)30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為消除淬火(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)零(ling)件的殘余應力(li)并防止淬火(huo)(huo)裂(lie)紋的產(chan)生,應盡快將淬火(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)的零(ling)件進(jin)行低溫(wen)(wen)回火(huo)(huo)處(chu)理,具體工藝方法是在當爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至160℃左右時(shi)零(ling) 件開始裝爐(lu),保溫(wen)(wen)120-150min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)(huo)及(ji)回火(huo)(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)理(li)后的零(ling)件(jian)放在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂機(ji)的轉盤(pan)上(shang)進行噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂處(chu)理(li),選用石英砂的粒度為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂過(guo) 程中要經常(chang)翻動零(ling)件(jian)使(shi)各面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂完(wan)后,放入(ru)防銹(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣中干 燥。需(xu)要注(zhu)意的是,防銹(xiu)處(chu)理(li)必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂后24小(xiao)時內(nei)完(wan)成(cheng)。
效果
上(shang)述方法簡單實用(yong)(yong),不需要(yao)(yao)專用(yong)(yong)裝備即可實現直齒錐齒輪(lun)的(de)加工,且(qie)經(jing)濟性好,成本較低(di)。經(jing)對 加工后的(de)錐齒輪(lun)進(jin)行檢測,尺(chi)寸(cun)及形位精度均符合要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),滲碳(tan)層(ceng)深度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金(jin)相組織(zhi)為(wei) 單一(yi)的(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組織(zhi),硬度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度為(wei)HRC36-40,完全(quan)可以滿足該零件的(de)質 量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。