東莞(guan)市銳鑫機電有(you)限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝
刀具(ju)選擇
從(cong)該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)構和(he)技術(shu)參數可知(zhi),該(gai)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)結(jie)構,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情況下,標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)形是按(an)(an)大端背錐(zhui)當(dang)量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)形設計(ji)(ji),而(er)齒(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照(zhao)小端設計(ji)(ji),并考(kao)慮留(liu)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定精切余量(liang)。一(yi)(yi) 般(ban)情況下直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑刀有(you)(you)3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀號應按(an)(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數來選擇(ze)。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)(an)照(zhao)下式計(ji)(ji)算(suan):
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如(ru)前文所述(shu),機加工前對齒(chi)坯進行整(zheng)體高(gao)溫正火處理,正火設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐,具體工藝過(guo)程是,爐溫升至(zhi)裝爐溫度400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪(lun)放 爐中,裝零(ling)件時如(ru)果需要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高(gao)度不要超(chao)過(guo)兩層,然后(hou)將零(ling)件加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生(sheng)相(xiang)變,保(bao)溫30-50分鐘后(hou),空(kong)冷即可。正火工藝:
由于該齒輪(lun)精(jing)度(du)要求不(bu)是很高,為降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)的工藝方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa),具 體方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)是將(jiang)零(ling)件(jian)裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要疊加(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始(shi)滴(di)航(hang)空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴(di)速(su)為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時零(ling)件(jian)開始(shi)裝爐(lu)。排氣期(qi)結(jie)束后,放入(ru)兩只試棒,其中一(yi)只試棒在(zai)(zai)擴散(san)時間為120 min時取出淬(cui)油(you)冷卻(que)(que)并檢(jian)驗淬(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根據檢(jian)驗結(jie)果決定是否降溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不(bu)足,擴散(san)期(qi)延(yan)長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)(ke)按照表1規(gui)定參(can)數進(jin)行(xing)(xing),為控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)(nong)度(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加(jia)裝氧傳感 器(qi)的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)監測和(he)(he)控制(zhi)(zhi),氧傳感器(qi)通(tong)過氧化鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)氣氛狀(zhuang)態轉化為電勢差(cha),上述差(cha)值通(tong)過控制(zhi)(zhi) 系統(tong)的比較和(he)(he)計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的濃(nong)(nong)度(du)是否合適并對其進(jin)行(xing)(xing)自動優化和(he)(he)調整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度(du)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并提(ti)高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的質量,確保無塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)期(qi)結(jie)束后,零(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)設(she)備(bei)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介(jie)質為專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)分(fen)級(ji)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定在(zai)(zai)110-120℃之間,冷卻(que)(que)30min后,出爐(lu)空冷。
為消除淬火(huo)后零(ling)件(jian)的(de)殘(can)余應力(li)并防(fang)止淬火(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應盡快將淬火(huo)后的(de)零(ling)件(jian)進(jin)行低溫(wen)回火(huo)處理,具體工藝方(fang)法是(shi)在當爐溫(wen)升至160℃左右時零(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐,保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐空冷,回火(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐。淬火(huo)及(ji)回火(huo)工藝圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)5:
后序(xu)處理
將熱處理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)的(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)放在(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機(ji)的(de)轉盤(pan)上進行(xing)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)處理(li)(li),選(xuan)用石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的(de)粒度為10-20目,在(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經(jing)常翻動零(ling)(ling)件(jian)使各面噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)效(xiao)果均勻(yun)。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)完后(hou)(hou),放入防(fang)銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在(zai)空(kong)氣中(zhong)干 燥。需要注意的(de)是,防(fang)銹處理(li)(li)必須在(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)后(hou)(hou)24小時內完成(cheng)。
效果
上(shang)述(shu)方法簡單實(shi)用(yong),不需要專用(yong)裝備即可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)直齒錐齒輪的加工,且經濟(ji)性好,成本較低(di)。經對(dui) 加工后的錐齒輪進(jin)行檢(jian)測,尺寸(cun)及形(xing)位精度(du)(du)(du)均符(fu)合要求,滲碳層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織為(wei) 單一的板條狀回火馬氏體組織,硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心(xin)部硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿(man)足該(gai)零件的質(zhi) 量(liang)要求。