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具體參數
拖(tuo)泵制作工(gong)藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技(ji)術參數可知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標(biao)準結構,一(yi)般情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下,標(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是(shi)按大端背(bei)錐(zhui)當量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計(ji),而(er)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按照(zhao)小端設(she)計(ji),并考慮留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定精(jing)切余量(liang)。一(yi) 般情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑刀有(you)3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)套,刀號應按照(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照(zhao)下式計(ji)算:
熱處理(li)工藝方法及過程
如(ru)前文(wen)所(suo)述,機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)前對齒坯進(jin)行整體(ti)高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設(she)備(bei)為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu)(lu),具(ju)體(ti)工(gong)藝過程(cheng)是,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零件時(shi)如(ru)果需(xu)要疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度(du)不(bu)要超過兩層(ceng),然(ran)后將零件加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生(sheng)相變,保溫(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即可。正火工(gong)藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)求不是很高,為(wei)降低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火成本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火的(de)工(gong)藝方(fang)法,具 體方(fang)法是將零(ling)(ling)件裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不要(yao)(yao)疊(die)加,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始滴航空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速(su)為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時零(ling)(ling)件開始裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。排氣期結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)兩只試棒(bang),其中(zhong)一只試棒(bang)在擴散時間為(wei)120 min時取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻并檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層深度(du)(du),根據(ju)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)結(jie)果決定(ding)(ding)是否降溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)不足,擴散期延(yan)長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)按照表1規定(ding)(ding)參數進行(xing)(xing),為(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)度(du)(du),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)加裝(zhuang)(zhuang)氧傳(chuan)感 器的(de)方(fang)法進行(xing)(xing)監測(ce)和(he)控制(zhi)(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感器通過(guo)(guo)氧化鋯探頭(tou),將氣氛狀態轉化為(wei)電勢(shi)差(cha),上述差(cha)值(zhi)通過(guo)(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和(he)計算(suan),確定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)是否合適(shi)并對其進行(xing)(xing)自動(dong)優化和(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)并提高滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質(zhi)量,確保無塊(kuai)狀、網狀滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou),零(ling)(ling)件出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火設(she)備(bei)選用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火介(jie)質(zhi)為(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火油(you),介(jie)質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)在110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消(xiao)除淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)(hou)零件的(de)(de)殘(can)余應(ying)力并防止(zhi)淬(cui)火(huo)裂紋(wen)的(de)(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)零件進行低溫回(hui)火(huo)處理,具(ju)體工藝方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)(lu)溫升至160℃左右(you)時(shi)零 件開始(shi)裝爐(lu)(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou)(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)空(kong)冷,回(hui)火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工藝圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序處理(li)
將熱處(chu)理(li)后的(de)零(ling)件放在噴(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理(li),選(xuan)用石英砂(sha)的(de)粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經常(chang)翻動零(ling)件使(shi)各(ge)面噴(pen)砂(sha)效(xiao)果均勻(yun)。零(ling)件噴(pen)砂(sha)完(wan)后,放入(ru)防(fang)銹液(ye)中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后,在空氣(qi)中(zhong)干 燥。需要注意(yi)的(de)是(shi),防(fang)銹處(chu)理(li)必(bi)須(xu)在噴(pen)砂(sha)后24小(xiao)時內(nei)完(wan)成。
效果(guo)
上述方法(fa)簡單(dan)實用(yong),不需要(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)裝備即可實現直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)加工,且經濟性(xing)好,成本較(jiao)低。經對 加工后的(de)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)進行(xing)檢(jian)測,尺(chi)寸及(ji)形(xing)位(wei)精度(du)均符合要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),滲碳層深度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金(jin)相組織為(wei) 單(dan)一的(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組織,硬(ying)度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以(yi)滿足該(gai)零件的(de)質 量要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。