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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制(zhi)作工藝
刀(dao)具選擇
從(cong)該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的結(jie)構和技術參數可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)屬于標準(zhun)結(jie)構,一(yi)(yi)般情(qing)況下(xia),標準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian) 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)大端背錐(zhui)當量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)小端設(she)計,并考(kao)慮留有一(yi)(yi)定(ding)精(jing)切余量(liang)。一(yi)(yi) 般情(qing)況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian)刀(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選(xuan)擇。當 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)下(xia)式(shi)計算(suan):
熱處理工(gong)藝(yi)方法(fa)及過程
如前(qian)文所(suo)述,機加工(gong)前(qian)對齒坯進行整體(ti)(ti)高溫正火(huo)處理,正火(huo)設備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體(ti)(ti)工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程是(shi),爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫度400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零(ling)件時如果需要(yao)疊(die)放(fang),疊(die)放(fang)高度不要(yao)超過(guo)兩層,然后(hou)將零(ling)件加熱(re)至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相(xiang)變,保溫30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可。正火(huo)工(gong)藝(yi):
由(you)于該齒(chi)輪精度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求不是(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本(ben),可(ke)(ke)以采用滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)的工藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)將(jiang)零件(jian)裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong)(zhong),不要(yao)疊加(jia),爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至840℃開(kai)始(shi)滴(di)航空煤油,煤油滴(di)速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開(kai)始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)。排氣期(qi)結(jie)束后,放入兩只試(shi)棒,其中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)只試(shi)棒在(zai)擴(kuo)散(san)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)(leng)卻并檢驗淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du),根據檢驗結(jie)果決定是(shi)否降溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)不足,擴(kuo)散(san)期(qi)延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)表1規定參數進行,為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)采用在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)裝(zhuang)氧(yang)傳(chuan)感 器(qi)(qi)的方法進行監測(ce)和控(kong)制,氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)通過(guo)氧(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)差,上述差值通過(guo)控(kong)制 系統的比較和計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的濃度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)否合適并對其進行自(zi)動優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制精度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有(you)效控(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)并提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的質(zhi)量,確保無(wu)塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備(bei)采 用RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期(qi)結(jie)束后,零件(jian)出爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)設備(bei)選用專用恒溫(wen)(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專用等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)油,介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒定在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)(leng)卻30min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空冷(leng)(leng)。
為(wei)消(xiao)除淬火(huo)(huo)后(hou)零(ling)(ling)件的殘余應(ying)力(li)并(bing)防止淬火(huo)(huo)裂(lie)紋的產生,應(ying)盡快(kuai)將淬火(huo)(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)(ling)件進(jin)行低(di)溫回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理,具(ju)體(ti)工藝方法是在當爐溫升至160℃左右時(shi)零(ling)(ling) 件開始裝爐,保溫120-150min后(hou),出(chu)爐空(kong)冷,回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐。淬火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)工藝圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5:
后序處理
將熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)的(de)(de)零(ling)件放在(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉盤上進行噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)處(chu)理(li)(li),選用石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)粒度為10-20目(mu),在(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經常翻動(dong)零(ling)件使各(ge)面噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)效果均(jun)勻(yun)。零(ling)件噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)完后(hou),放入防銹(xiu)液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)空(kong)氣中(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)是,防銹(xiu)處(chu)理(li)(li)必須在(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)后(hou)24小(xiao)時(shi)內完成。
效(xiao)果(guo)
上述方(fang)法簡單實(shi)用(yong)(yong),不需要專用(yong)(yong)裝備即可實(shi)現(xian)直(zhi)齒錐齒輪的加工(gong),且經濟性(xing)好,成本(ben)較低。經對 加工(gong)后(hou)的錐齒輪進行檢(jian)測,尺寸及形位精度(du)(du)均符合要求,滲(shen)碳層深度(du)(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金(jin)相(xiang)組織(zhi)為(wei) 單一(yi)的板條狀回火(huo)馬氏(shi)體組織(zhi),硬(ying)度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬(ying)度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿(man)足該零(ling)件的質(zhi) 量要求。