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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工(gong)藝
刀(dao)具選擇(ze)
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的結(jie)構(gou)和(he)技術參數(shu)(shu)可知,該(gai)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)屬(shu)于標準結(jie)構(gou),一般情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),標準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成(cheng)形銑 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按(an)(an)大端背錐當(dang)(dang)量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形設計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照(zhao)小端設計,并(bing)考慮(lv)留有一定精切余量。一 般情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成(cheng)形銑刀(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一套,刀(dao)號應(ying)按(an)(an)照(zhao)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)當(dang)(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當(dang)(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可按(an)(an)照(zhao)下(xia)式計算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如(ru)前文所述,機(ji)加工(gong)(gong)前對齒坯進行整體(ti)高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐(lu)(lu),具體(ti)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程是,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零件(jian)時如(ru)果需要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度不要(yao)超過(guo)兩(liang)層,然后將零件(jian)加熱至920-940℃,使組織完(wan)全發生相(xiang)變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空(kong)冷(leng)即可。正火工(gong)(gong)藝(yi):
由于該齒輪精度(du)要求(qiu)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)很高(gao),為(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本,可以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方法,具 體(ti)方法是(shi)(shi)將零(ling)件裝(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong),不(bu)要疊(die)加,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始(shi)滴(di)航空煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴(di)速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至930℃時零(ling)件開始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。排(pai)氣(qi)期(qi)結(jie)(jie)束后(hou),放入(ru)兩只(zhi)試棒(bang),其(qi)中(zhong)一只(zhi)試棒(bang)在(zai)擴散時間為(wei)120 min時取出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)(you)冷(leng)卻(que)并(bing)檢(jian)驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深度(du),根據檢(jian)驗(yan)結(jie)(jie)果決定是(shi)(shi)否(fou)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深度(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴散期(qi)延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時可按(an)照表1規(gui)定參數進(jin)行,為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du),可采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)加裝(zhuang)氧傳感 器的(de)(de)方法進(jin)行監測和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感器通過(guo)氧化(hua)(hua)鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛(fen)狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)電(dian)勢(shi)差(cha),上述差(cha)值(zhi)通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)比較和計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃度(du)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)合(he)適并(bing)對其(qi)進(jin)行自動(dong)優化(hua)(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)可以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深度(du)并(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量,確保無(wu)塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期(qi)結(jie)(jie)束后(hou),零(ling)件出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you),介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)恒定在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻(que)30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)后零件的(de)殘余應(ying)(ying)力(li)并防止(zhi)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋(wen)的(de)產生(sheng),應(ying)(ying)盡(jin)快將(jiang)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)后的(de)零件進行低溫回(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理(li),具體工(gong)藝方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫升至160℃左右時零 件開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空(kong)冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5:
后序處理
將(jiang)熱處理后(hou)的零(ling)(ling)件(jian)放在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂機的轉盤上進行噴(pen)砂處理,選用石英砂的粒度為10-20目,在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂過 程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要經常(chang)翻動零(ling)(ling)件(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂效果(guo)均勻。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)砂完后(hou),放入防銹(xiu)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)(zai)空氣中(zhong)(zhong)干 燥。需要注意的是,防銹(xiu)處理必須在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂后(hou)24小時內完成。
效果
上述方法簡單實用,不需要(yao)(yao)專用裝備即可實現(xian)直齒錐齒輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)加工(gong),且(qie)經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加工(gong)后的(de)(de)錐齒輪(lun)(lun)進行檢測,尺寸(cun)及(ji)形位精(jing)度(du)(du)均符合要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),滲(shen)碳層深度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織為 單一(yi)的(de)(de)板條狀(zhuang)回火馬(ma)氏體(ti)組織,硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以(yi)滿足該(gai)零(ling)件的(de)(de)質 量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。