東莞市(shi)銳鑫(xin)機電有限(xian)公司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制(zhi)作(zuo)工藝(yi)
刀具選擇
從該齒輪(lun)的結構和(he)技術參數(shu)可知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)屬于(yu)標準(zhun)結構,一(yi)般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia),標準(zhun)直(zhi)齒錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑 刀的齒形(xing)(xing)是按大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)當量(liang)漸(jian)開線齒形(xing)(xing)設計(ji),而齒厚則按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)小端設計(ji),并考慮留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定精(jing)切余量(liang)。一(yi) 般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia)直(zhi)齒錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑刀有(you)3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)套(tao),刀號應(ying)按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪(lun)當量(liang)齒數(shu)來選擇。當 量(liang)齒數(shu)Zv可按照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)下(xia)式計(ji)算(suan):
熱處(chu)理工藝方法(fa)及過(guo)程
如前(qian)文所述,機加(jia)工前(qian)對齒坯進行整體(ti)高溫正(zheng)(zheng)火(huo)處(chu)理,正(zheng)(zheng)火(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體(ti)工藝(yi)過程(cheng)是,爐溫升至裝(zhuang)爐溫度(du)400-650℃時(shi)(shi),將(jiang)齒輪放(fang) 爐中,裝(zhuang)零(ling)(ling)件時(shi)(shi)如果需要疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度(du)不要超過兩層,然后將(jiang)零(ling)(ling)件加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組(zu)織完全發生相變,保溫30-50分鐘后,空冷即(ji)可。正(zheng)(zheng)火(huo)工藝(yi):
由于(yu)該(gai)齒輪精(jing)(jing)度(du)要求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火成本,可(ke)以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火的(de)工(gong)藝方(fang)法(fa),具 體(ti)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)零(ling)(ling)件裝(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)(bu)要疊加(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始滴(di)航空(kong)煤油,煤油滴(di)速(su)為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)零(ling)(ling)件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期結束后,放入(ru)兩只試棒,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一只試棒在擴散(san)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油冷卻并檢驗淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬(ying)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根據檢驗結果決(jue)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否(fou)降溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不(bu)(bu)足,擴散(san)期延長(chang)至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定(ding)(ding)參數進行(xing)(xing),為(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du),可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)裝(zhuang)氧傳感(gan) 器(qi)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)進行(xing)(xing)監測和(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感(gan)器(qi)通過氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將(jiang)氣(qi)氛(fen)狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢差,上述差值(zhi)通過控(kong)制(zhi) 系統(tong)的(de)比較和(he)(he)計算(suan),確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否(fou)合適并對其(qi)進行(xing)(xing)自動優化(hua)和(he)(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)(jing)度(du)可(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并提高滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質量,確(que)(que)保無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采(cai)(cai) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結束后,零(ling)(ling)件出爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火設(she)備(bei)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火介(jie)質為(wei)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火油,介(jie)質溫(wen)度(du)恒定(ding)(ding)在110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻30min后,出爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零件(jian)(jian)的(de)殘(can)余應(ying)力并防止(zhi)淬(cui)火(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的(de)零件(jian)(jian)進行低溫(wen)回(hui)(hui)火(huo)處理,具體工藝方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左(zuo)右時零 件(jian)(jian)開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空(kong)冷(leng),回(hui)(hui)火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及(ji)回(hui)(hui)火(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后序處(chu)理
將熱(re)處理后的(de)零(ling)(ling)件放在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉盤上進行(xing)噴(pen)砂(sha)處理,選用石英(ying)砂(sha)的(de)粒度(du)為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)經常(chang)翻動零(ling)(ling)件使各面(mian)噴(pen)砂(sha)效果(guo)均(jun)勻。零(ling)(ling)件噴(pen)砂(sha)完(wan)后,放入防(fang)(fang)銹液中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要(yao)注意的(de)是,防(fang)(fang)銹處理必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)后24小(xiao)時內完(wan)成。
效(xiao)果
上(shang)述方(fang)法(fa)簡單(dan)實(shi)用,不需要專用裝備即(ji)可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)直(zhi)齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪的加工,且經(jing)濟性好,成(cheng)本較低(di)。經(jing)對(dui) 加工后的錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪進行檢測(ce),尺寸及(ji)形位(wei)精度均符合要求,滲碳層(ceng)深(shen)度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相(xiang)組(zu)織為(wei) 單(dan)一(yi)的板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織,硬度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度為(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可(ke)以滿(man)足該零件的質 量要求。