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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制(zhi)作工藝
刀具選擇(ze)
從(cong)該齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的結(jie)構和技術參數(shu)(shu)可知,該錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)屬(shu)于標(biao)準結(jie)構,一般(ban)情況下(xia),標(biao)準直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形銑(xian) 刀(dao)的齒(chi)形是(shi)按(an)大端(duan)背錐當量漸開(kai)線(xian)齒(chi)形設(she)計,而(er)齒(chi)厚則(ze)按(an)照小端(duan)設(she)計,并考慮留有一定精切余(yu)量。一 般(ban)情況下(xia)直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形銑(xian)刀(dao)有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一套(tao),刀(dao)號應(ying)按(an)照錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)當量齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當 量齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可按(an)照下(xia)式(shi)計算:
熱(re)處理工藝方法及過(guo)程
如前文所(suo)述,機加(jia)工前對(dui)齒坯進(jin)行整體高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工藝(yi)過程是,爐溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至裝(zhuang)爐溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時(shi),將齒輪(lun)放(fang) 爐中,裝(zhuang)零件時(shi)如果需要疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高(gao)度不要超(chao)過兩層(ceng),然(ran)后將零件加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正火工藝(yi):
由(you)于(yu)該齒(chi)輪精度(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)高,為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)成本,可以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)的(de)工藝方法(fa),具 體方法(fa)是(shi)將零件裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)840℃開(kai)始滴航空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)930℃時零件開(kai)始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期結束后,放入兩只試(shi)棒(bang),其中(zhong)一只試(shi)棒(bang)在(zai)擴散時間為(wei)(wei)120 min時取出(chu)淬(cui)油(you)冷卻并檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)淬(cui)硬(ying)層深度(du),根據檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)結果(guo)決定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴散期延長至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可按照表1規定(ding)(ding)參(can)數進(jin)行(xing)(xing),為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du),可采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝(zhuang)氧(yang)傳感(gan) 器的(de)方法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)監測和控(kong)制(zhi),氧(yang)傳感(gan)器通過氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)態轉化為(wei)(wei)電(dian)勢差,上述差值通過控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和計算,確定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否合(he)適并對其進(jin)行(xing)(xing)自動優化和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)可以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可有效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質量,確保無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結束后,零件出(chu)爐(lu)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)介質為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)分級(ji)淬(cui)火(huo)油(you),介質溫(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷卻30min后,出(chu)爐(lu)空冷。
為(wei)(wei)消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后零件的(de)殘余應力并防(fang)止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應盡(jin)快將(jiang)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后的(de)零件進行低溫(wen)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)處(chu)理(li),具體工藝方法是(shi)在(zai)當(dang)爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)160℃左右時零 件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及(ji)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)工藝圖見(jian)圖5:
后序處理(li)
將熱(re)處理(li)后(hou)的(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)放(fang)在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)機的(de)轉盤上(shang)進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)處理(li),選用石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)的(de)粒度(du)為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程(cheng)中(zhong)要(yao)經常翻動零(ling)件(jian)(jian)使(shi)各面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)效果(guo)均勻。零(ling)件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)完后(hou),放(fang)入防銹(xiu)液(ye)中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要(yao)注意的(de)是,防銹(xiu)處理(li)必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)后(hou)24小時(shi)內完成。
效果
上述方法(fa)簡單(dan)實用,不需(xu)要專(zhuan)用裝備即可實現直齒錐齒輪(lun)的(de)加工(gong),且經(jing)濟性好,成本(ben)較低。經(jing)對 加工(gong)后的(de)錐齒輪(lun)進行檢測,尺寸(cun)及(ji)形位精度(du)均符合要求,滲碳層深度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織為(wei) 單(dan)一的(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組織,硬度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該零件的(de)質 量(liang)要求。