東(dong)莞市(shi)銳鑫機(ji)電有限公司
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具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝(yi)
刀具選擇
從(cong)該(gai)齒(chi)輪的結(jie)構(gou)和技術參(can)數可知(zhi),該(gai)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪屬于標準(zhun)結(jie)構(gou),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情況(kuang)下,標準(zhun)直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按(an)大端(duan)背錐(zhui)當量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)形(xing)(xing)設計(ji),而齒(chi)厚則按(an)照(zhao)小端(duan)設計(ji),并考慮留有(you)一(yi)(yi)定精(jing)切余量(liang)。一(yi)(yi) 般(ban)情況(kuang)下直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)銑刀有(you)3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀號應按(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪當量(liang)齒(chi)數來選擇。當 量(liang)齒(chi)數Zv可按(an)照(zhao)下式(shi)計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法及(ji)過程
如(ru)前(qian)文所述,機(ji)加工(gong)前(qian)對齒坯(pi)進行整體高溫正火(huo)處理(li),正火(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工(gong)藝過程(cheng)是(shi),爐溫升至裝爐溫度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放 爐中,裝零件時如(ru)果需要(yao)疊放,疊放高度不要(yao)超過兩層,然(ran)后將(jiang)零件加熱至920-940℃,使(shi)組織完全發生(sheng)相變,保溫30-50分鐘后,空(kong)冷即可。正火(huo)工(gong)藝:
由于該齒(chi)輪精度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要求不(bu)(bu)是很高,為降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)成(cheng)本(ben),可(ke)以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)的(de)工藝方法(fa),具(ju) 體方法(fa)是將(jiang)(jiang)零件(jian)裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至840℃開(kai)始滴航空(kong)煤油,煤油滴速(su)為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開(kai)始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期(qi)結束后(hou)(hou),放入兩只試(shi)棒,其中(zhong)一(yi)只試(shi)棒在擴散時(shi)間(jian)為120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)油冷(leng)卻(que)并(bing)(bing)檢驗(yan)淬(cui)硬層深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),根據檢驗(yan)結果決(jue)定是否降(jiang)溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),擴散期(qi)延(yan)長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照(zhao)表1規(gui)定參數(shu)進行(xing),為控(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),可(ke)采用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝(zhuang)氧(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)感 器(qi)(qi)的(de)方法(fa)進行(xing)監測(ce)和控(kong)制,氧(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)通(tong)過氧(yang)(yang)化鋯探頭,將(jiang)(jiang)氣氛狀態轉化為電勢(shi)(shi)差,上述(shu)差值(zhi)通(tong)過控(kong)制 系統的(de)比較和計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)的(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是否合適并(bing)(bing)對其進行(xing)自(zi)動優化和調整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)控(kong)制精度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)并(bing)(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質量,確保無(wu)塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期(qi)結束后(hou)(hou),零件(jian)出爐(lu)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)介質為專用(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)油,介質溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)恒(heng)定在110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻(que)30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空(kong)冷(leng)。
為消除(chu)淬火后(hou)零(ling)件的殘余應力并防止(zhi)淬火裂(lie)紋的產生,應盡(jin)快將淬火后(hou)的零(ling)件進(jin)行低溫(wen)回火處(chu)理,具(ju)體工藝(yi)方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)160℃左右(you)時零(ling) 件開始裝爐(lu),保(bao)溫(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回火設備為RJJ-36-6回火爐(lu)。淬火及回火工藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后序處理
將(jiang)熱(re)處理(li)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)零件(jian)放在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)(de)轉盤上進(jin)行噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處理(li),選用石英(ying)砂(sha)的(de)(de)粒度(du)為10-20目,在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過 程中(zhong)要(yao)經常(chang)翻動零件(jian)使各面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效(xiao)果(guo)均(jun)勻。零件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完(wan)后(hou)(hou),放入防銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在(zai)(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong)干 燥。需要(yao)注意的(de)(de)是,防銹處理(li)必須在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)(hou)24小(xiao)時內完(wan)成。
效果
上(shang)述方(fang)法(fa)簡單(dan)實用(yong),不需要(yao)專用(yong)裝備(bei)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)實現直齒錐齒輪的加(jia)工,且經濟性好,成本較(jiao)低。經對 加(jia)工后的錐齒輪進行檢測,尺寸及形(xing)位精度(du)(du)均符合(he)要(yao)求,滲碳(tan)層深度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部金(jin)相組(zu)織(zhi)為 單(dan)一的板(ban)條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織(zhi),硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完全可(ke)(ke)以滿足該零(ling)件的質 量要(yao)求。