東莞(guan)市銳鑫機(ji)電有(you)限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵制作工藝
刀具選擇
從(cong)該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)結構(gou)和技術參數可知(zhi),該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標準結構(gou),一般情況下(xia),標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形銑 刀的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按大(da)端背錐(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按照(zhao)小端設計,并(bing)考(kao)慮留(liu)有一定精切余量。一 般情況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形銑刀有3把、8把、15把、26把一套(tao),刀號應按照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照(zhao)下(xia)式計算:
熱(re)處理(li)工藝方法及過程(cheng)
如前文所述,機加工(gong)前對(dui)齒坯進行整(zheng)體高溫正火(huo)(huo)處(chu)理,正火(huo)(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu)(lu),具體工(gong)藝過程是,爐(lu)(lu)溫升至裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)溫度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放 爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong),裝(zhuang)零件時如果需要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高度不要超過兩層,然(ran)后將(jiang)零件加熱(re)至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保(bao)溫30-50分鐘(zhong)后,空冷即可。正火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)要求(qiu)不(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本,可(ke)以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方(fang)法(fa),具 體方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)將零件(jian)裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong),不(bu)要疊加(jia),爐溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開(kai)始(shi)(shi)滴航空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時零件(jian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)裝爐。排氣(qi)期(qi)結束(shu)后,放入(ru)兩(liang)只試棒,其(qi)中(zhong)一只試棒在(zai)擴散(san)時間為(wei)120 min時取出(chu)(chu)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻并檢(jian)驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深度(du)(du),根據檢(jian)驗(yan)結果決定是(shi)否降溫(wen)(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散(san)期(qi)延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)按照表1規定參數進行,為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du),可(ke)采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐中(zhong)加(jia)裝氧傳感 器(qi)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)進行監測和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感器(qi)通過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探(tan)頭(tou),將氣(qi)氛狀態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)電勢(shi)差(cha),上述(shu)差(cha)值通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系(xi)統的(de)(de)比(bi)較和(he)計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)是(shi)否合(he)適并對其(qi)進行自(zi)動優(you)化(hua)和(he)調整(zheng),使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)(du)可(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)并提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)質量(liang),確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期(qi)結束(shu)后,零件(jian)出(chu)(chu)爐直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)質為(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒定在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后,出(chu)(chu)爐空冷(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)后零件(jian)的(de)殘余應力(li)并防止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)產生(sheng),應盡(jin)快將(jiang)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)后的(de)零件(jian)進(jin)行低(di)溫(wen)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)處理,具體工藝方法是在當爐溫(wen)升至160℃左右時零 件(jian)開始(shi)裝爐,保(bao)溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)爐。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)及(ji)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后(hou)序處理
將熱處理(li)后(hou)(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)(jian)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂機的轉盤上進(jin)行噴(pen)(pen)砂處理(li),選用石英砂的粒度為(wei)10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂過 程中(zhong)要經常翻動零(ling)件(jian)(jian)使各面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)砂效果均(jun)勻。零(ling)件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)(pen)砂完(wan)后(hou)(hou),放(fang)(fang)入防銹液(ye)中(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在(zai)空(kong)氣中(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要注(zhu)意(yi)的是(shi),防銹處理(li)必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂后(hou)(hou)24小時內完(wan)成。
效果
上述方法簡單實(shi)(shi)用,不需要(yao)(yao)專用裝備即可(ke)實(shi)(shi)現直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪的(de)加工(gong),且經(jing)濟性好,成本較低(di)。經(jing)對 加工(gong)后(hou)的(de)錐齒(chi)輪進(jin)行(xing)檢測,尺(chi)寸(cun)及形位精度均符合要(yao)(yao)求,滲碳層深度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部(bu)金相組(zu)織為(wei) 單一的(de)板條狀回(hui)火馬氏體(ti)組(zu)織,硬(ying)度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬(ying)度為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿足該零件的(de)質(zhi) 量要(yao)(yao)求。