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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵(beng)制作工藝
刀具選(xuan)擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)構和技(ji)術參數可知,該(gai)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準(zhun)結(jie)構,一般情(qing)況下,標準(zhun)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑(xian) 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)形是按(an)大端背(bei)錐(zhui)(zhui)當量漸(jian)開線齒(chi)(chi)形設(she)(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)照小端設(she)(she)計,并考慮留有(you)一定精切余量。一 般情(qing)況下直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑(xian)刀(dao)有(you)3把、8把、15把、26把一套,刀(dao)號應按(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)照下式計算:
熱(re)處理工藝方(fang)法及過(guo)程
如前文(wen)所述,機加工(gong)前對齒坯進行整體高溫(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)(zheng)火設備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu)(lu),具(ju)體工(gong)藝(yi)過程(cheng)是,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至裝爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時(shi),將(jiang)齒輪(lun)放 爐(lu)(lu)中,裝零件時(shi)如果(guo)需要疊放,疊放高度不要超過兩層,然后(hou)將(jiang)零件加熱(re)至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可。正(zheng)(zheng)火工(gong)藝(yi):
由于該齒輪精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)高,為(wei)(wei)降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本(ben),可以采用滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)工藝(yi)方法,具 體方法是(shi)將零(ling)(ling)件裝入(ru)(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要疊(die)加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始(shi)滴航空煤油,煤油滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時零(ling)(ling)件開始(shi)裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)(ru)兩只試棒(bang),其中一只試棒(bang)在擴散時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時取(qu)出淬(cui)油冷卻并(bing)檢(jian)驗淬(cui)硬層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du),根據檢(jian)驗結(jie)果決定是(shi)否降溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散期延長(chang)至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可按(an)照表1規(gui)定參數進行,為(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du)(du)(du)(du),可采用在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中加裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan) 器的(de)方法進行監測和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan)器通過(guo)氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛(fen)狀態(tai)轉化為(wei)(wei)電勢差,上(shang)述(shu)差值通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系(xi)統的(de)比較和計(ji)算,確(que)定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)否合適并(bing)對其進行自(zi)動(dong)優化和調整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)可以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提(ti)高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang),確(que)保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),零(ling)(ling)件出爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)設備選用專(zhuan)用恒溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)油,介質(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)恒定在110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空冷。
為(wei)(wei)消(xiao)除淬火(huo)后零件(jian)(jian)的(de)殘余應(ying)力并(bing)防止淬火(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬火(huo)后的(de)零件(jian)(jian)進行低溫(wen)回火(huo)處理(li),具體工藝(yi)方法是(shi)在當爐溫(wen)升至(zhi)160℃左右時零 件(jian)(jian)開始裝爐,保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐空冷,回火(huo)設備為(wei)(wei)RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐。淬火(huo)及回火(huo)工藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后(hou)序處理
將熱處理后的零(ling)(ling)(ling)件放在(zai)(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機的轉盤(pan)上進行噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)處理,選用石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的粒度(du)為10-20目(mu),在(zai)(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經(jing)常翻(fan)動零(ling)(ling)(ling)件使各(ge)面(mian)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)(ling)(ling)件噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)完后,放入防(fang)銹(xiu)液(ye)中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)(zai)空氣中(zhong)干 燥。需要注意的是,防(fang)銹(xiu)處理必須在(zai)(zai)噴砂(sha)(sha)(sha)后24小時內完成(cheng)。
效果
上述方(fang)法簡單實(shi)用,不(bu)需要專用裝備(bei)即(ji)可實(shi)現直齒錐齒輪的加工(gong),且經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加工(gong)后的錐齒輪進行檢(jian)測,尺寸(cun)及形位精度均符合要求,滲碳(tan)層深度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組(zu)織為(wei) 單一(yi)的板(ban)條狀回(hui)火馬(ma)氏體組(zu)織,硬度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿(man)足該零(ling)件的質(zhi) 量要求。