東莞(guan)市(shi)銳鑫機電(dian)有限(xian)公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀(dao)具選擇(ze)
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的結構和技術參數(shu)可知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)屬(shu)于標準結構,一(yi)(yi)般情況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是(shi)按(an)大端(duan)背錐(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)(dang)量漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則(ze)按(an)照(zhao)小端(duan)設計,并考(kao)慮(lv)留(liu)有一(yi)(yi)定精切(qie)余量。一(yi)(yi) 般情況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑刀(dao)有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀(dao)號(hao)應按(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)當(dang)(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當(dang)(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可按(an)照(zhao)下式計算:
熱處理(li)工藝方法(fa)及(ji)過程
如前(qian)文(wen)所述,機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)前(qian)對齒坯(pi)進行整(zheng)體高(gao)溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備(bei)為RT-90-9 箱式(shi)爐(lu),具體工(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至裝(zhuang)爐(lu)溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將(jiang)齒輪放 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)時(shi)如果需(xu)要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高(gao)度(du)不要超過(guo)兩層(ceng),然后將(jiang)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組(zu)織完(wan)全發生相(xiang)變(bian),保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空(kong)冷即可。正火工(gong)藝:
由于該(gai)齒輪(lun)精(jing)度(du)(du)要求不(bu)(bu)是很高,為(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)成(cheng)本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)的工(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa),具 體(ti)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是將零件裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始(shi)滴(di)航空煤油,煤油滴(di)速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至930℃時零件開始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。排氣(qi)期(qi)結(jie)(jie)束(shu)后(hou),放入(ru)(ru)兩只試棒,其中(zhong)一(yi)只試棒在擴散(san)時間為(wei)120 min時取出淬(cui)油冷卻并(bing)(bing)檢(jian)驗淬(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du),根(gen)據檢(jian)驗結(jie)(jie)果決定是否降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)足,擴散(san)期(qi)延(yan)長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時可(ke)按照表1規定參(can)數進(jin)行(xing),為(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時的碳(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du)(du),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)加裝(zhuang)氧傳(chuan)感(gan) 器的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)監測(ce)和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感(gan)器通過氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢差,上述差值通過控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統(tong)的比較(jiao)和計(ji)算,確定碳(tan)(tan)勢的濃度(du)(du)是否合適并(bing)(bing)對(dui)其進(jin)行(xing)自動優化(hua)和調整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)并(bing)(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的質(zhi)(zhi)量,確保無塊狀、網(wang)狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期(qi)結(jie)(jie)束(shu)后(hou),零件出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油槽(cao),淬(cui) 火(huo)介質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)油,介質(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒(heng)定在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)空冷。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)后零件(jian)的(de)殘余應(ying)力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應(ying)盡快(kuai)將淬(cui)火(huo)后的(de)零件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)低溫回(hui)火(huo)處理(li),具體工(gong)藝方法是在(zai)當爐溫升至160℃左右時零 件(jian)開始裝(zhuang)爐,保溫120-150min后,出爐空冷(leng),回(hui)火(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐。淬(cui)火(huo)及(ji)回(hui)火(huo)工(gong)藝圖見圖5:
后(hou)序處理
將熱處理后的(de)零件(jian)(jian)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)噴砂(sha)機的(de)轉盤(pan)上(shang)進行噴砂(sha)處理,選用石(shi)英砂(sha)的(de)粒度(du)為10-20目,在(zai)(zai)噴砂(sha)過 程(cheng)中要(yao)經常翻動(dong)零件(jian)(jian)使(shi)各面噴砂(sha)效果均勻(yun)。零件(jian)(jian)噴砂(sha)完后,放(fang)入防銹(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)(zai)空(kong)氣中干 燥。需要(yao)注意的(de)是,防銹(xiu)處理必須(xu)在(zai)(zai)噴砂(sha)后24小時內(nei)完成。
效果
上述方法簡單實用(yong),不(bu)需要專用(yong)裝(zhuang)備即可(ke)實現直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪的(de)加工,且經濟(ji)性好(hao),成本較(jiao)低。經對 加工后的(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪進行檢測,尺寸(cun)及形位精度(du)(du)(du)均符合(he)要求,滲碳層深度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部(bu)金(jin)相組(zu)織為(wei)(wei) 單一的(de)板條狀回火馬氏(shi)體(ti)組(zu)織,硬度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿足該零件的(de)質 量要求。