東莞市銳鑫(xin)機(ji)電有限(xian)公司(si)
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具體參數
拖泵制(zhi)作工藝
刀具(ju)選(xuan)擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構(gou)和技術參數(shu)可(ke)知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于(yu)標準(zhun)結構(gou),一(yi)般情(qing)(qing)況下(xia),標準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑 刀(dao)(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)(an)(an)大端背(bei)錐當量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)(an)照小端設(she)計,并考慮留(liu)有一(yi)定精切余(yu)量(liang)。一(yi) 般情(qing)(qing)況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑刀(dao)(dao)有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀(dao)(dao)號應(ying)按(an)(an)(an)照錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選(xuan)擇。當 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)按(an)(an)(an)照下(xia)式(shi)計算:
熱處理工藝(yi)方法及過程(cheng)
如前文所述,機(ji)加(jia)工(gong)前對齒坯進行整體(ti)高(gao)溫(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)火處(chu)理,正(zheng)(zheng)火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體(ti)工(gong)藝過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零件時如果(guo)需要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高(gao)度(du)不要(yao)超(chao)過(guo)兩層(ceng),然(ran)后將零件加(jia)熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變(bian),保溫(wen)30-50分鐘(zhong)后,空冷即可(ke)。正(zheng)(zheng)火工(gong)藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)要求(qiu)不是很高(gao),為(wei)降(jiang)低(di)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)淬(cui)火成本,可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)后(hou)直接(jie)淬(cui)火的工(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)法,具 體方(fang)法是將零件(jian)裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong)(zhong),不要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開始(shi)滴(di)航空(kong)煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴(di)速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時零件(jian)開始(shi)裝爐(lu)。排氣期(qi)(qi)結束(shu)后(hou),放入(ru)兩只(zhi)試(shi)棒,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一只(zhi)試(shi)棒在(zai)擴(kuo)散時間為(wei)120 min時取出(chu)淬(cui)油(you)(you)冷(leng)卻并檢驗淬(cui)硬層深度(du),根據檢驗結果(guo)決定是否降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層深度(du)不足,擴(kuo)散期(qi)(qi)延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時可(ke)(ke)按(an)照表1規(gui)定參數進(jin)行,為(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時的碳(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)度(du),可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan) 器的方(fang)法進(jin)行監(jian)測和控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器通(tong)(tong)過氧(yang)化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢(shi)差,上述差值通(tong)(tong)過控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 系統的比較和計算(suan),確定碳(tan)勢(shi)的濃(nong)度(du)是否合適(shi)并對其(qi)進(jin)行自(zi)動優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)勢(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層深度(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層的質量,確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)設備(bei)采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期(qi)(qi)結束(shu)后(hou),零件(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)火。淬(cui)火設備(bei)選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽,淬(cui) 火介(jie)質為(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)火油(you)(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空(kong)冷(leng)。
為消除淬火后零件(jian)的殘余應(ying)力并防止淬火裂紋(wen)的產生,應(ying)盡快(kuai)將淬火后的零件(jian)進行低溫(wen)回(hui)火處理,具體工藝方法是在當爐溫(wen)升至160℃左右時(shi)零 件(jian)開始裝爐,保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐空冷,回(hui)火設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火爐。淬火及回(hui)火工藝圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后(hou)序(xu)處理
將(jiang)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)機的轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理(li),選用石英(ying)砂(sha)的粒度為10-20目(mu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程(cheng)中要經常翻(fan)動零(ling)件(jian)使各面(mian)噴(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)完(wan)后(hou),放(fang)入防銹液中浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)(zai)(zai)空氣中干 燥(zao)。需要注意的是,防銹處(chu)理(li)必須在(zai)(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)24小時內完(wan)成(cheng)。
效(xiao)果
上述方法簡(jian)單實用,不(bu)需要專用裝備(bei)即可實現直齒錐齒輪的(de)加(jia)工(gong),且經(jing)濟性好,成本較低(di)。經(jing)對(dui) 加(jia)工(gong)后的(de)錐齒輪進(jin)行檢測,尺寸及形位精度(du)均符合要求,滲碳層深度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金(jin)相(xiang)組織為 單一的(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組織,硬(ying)度(du)為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬(ying)度(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該零件的(de)質(zhi) 量要求。