具體參數

拖泵制作工藝

刀具選擇(ze)

從該(gai)齒(chi)輪的(de)結(jie)構和技(ji)術參數(shu)可知，該(gai)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪屬于標準結(jie)構，一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況下，標準直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪成(cheng)形銑(xian) 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)形是按(an)(an)大端背錐(zhui)當量(liang)(liang)漸(jian)開(kai)線齒(chi)形設(she)計(ji)，而(er)齒(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照小端設(she)計(ji)，并考慮留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定精切余量(liang)(liang)。一(yi) 般(ban)情(qing)況下直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪成(cheng)形銑(xian)刀(dao)有(you)3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)套，刀(dao)號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪當量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)數(shu)來選(xuan)擇。當 量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)數(shu)Zv可按(an)(an)照下式計(ji)算：

熱處理(li)工藝方法及過程

如前(qian)文(wen)所述，機加工(gong)前(qian)對齒(chi)坯進行(xing)整體(ti)高溫(wen)正(zheng)火處理，正(zheng)火設備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式(shi)爐，具(ju)體(ti)工(gong)藝(yi)過程(cheng)是，爐溫(wen)升至裝爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時，將齒(chi)輪放(fang) 爐中，裝零(ling)件(jian)時如果需要疊(die)放(fang)，疊(die)放(fang)高度不(bu)要超過兩層，然后將零(ling)件(jian)加熱(re)至920-940℃，使組織完全(quan)發生相變，保溫(wen)30-50分鐘(zhong)后，空(kong)冷(leng)即可。正(zheng)火工(gong)藝(yi)：

由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是很(hen)高，為降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本，可以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)工藝(yi)方法，具 體方法是將零件(jian)裝入(ru)(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong)，不(bu)要(yao)疊(die)加(jia)(jia)，爐溫(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始滴(di)航空(kong)煤(mei)油，煤(mei)油滴(di)速為60-80d/min， 爐溫(wen)(wen)升至930℃時零件(jian)開始裝爐。排氣(qi)期(qi)結(jie)束后，放(fang)入(ru)(ru)兩只試(shi)(shi)棒(bang)，其中(zhong)一只試(shi)(shi)棒(bang)在(zai)擴(kuo)散(san)時間為120 min時取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)卻(que)(que)并(bing)檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬(ying)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)，根(gen)據檢驗(yan)結(jie)果決定(ding)是否(fou)降溫(wen)(wen)，若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足(zu)，擴(kuo)散(san)期(qi)延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可按照表1規定(ding)參數進(jin)(jin)行，為控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)，可采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)裝氧傳感 器的(de)方法進(jin)(jin)行監(jian)測和控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，氧傳感器通(tong)過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探頭，將氣(qi)氛(fen)狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉化(hua)為電(dian)勢差(cha)，上述差(cha)值通(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 系統(tong)的(de)比(bi)較和計(ji)算，確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)是否(fou)合適(shi)并(bing)對(dui)其進(jin)(jin)行自動優化(hua)和調整，使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)(du)可以達到 ≤±0.05%C，可有效控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質(zhi)量，確保(bao)無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu)，滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期(qi)結(jie)束后，零件(jian)出(chu)爐直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)設(she)備(bei)選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油槽(cao)，淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介質(zhi)為專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)油，介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間，冷(leng)卻(que)(que)30min后，出(chu)爐空(kong)冷(leng)。

為消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后零(ling)件(jian)的殘余(yu)應力并(bing)防止(zhi)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋(wen)的產生，應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后的零(ling)件(jian)進行低溫(wen)回(hui)(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理，具(ju)體工(gong)藝(yi)方法是在當爐(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左右(you)時(shi)零(ling) 件(jian)開(kai)始裝爐(lu)，保(bao)溫(wen)120-150min后，出爐(lu)空冷(leng)，回(hui)(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝(yi)圖見圖5：

后序處理

將熱(re)處理后(hou)(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)放在(zai)噴(pen)砂機的轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴(pen)砂處理，選用石英(ying)砂的粒度為(wei)10-20目，在(zai)噴(pen)砂過 程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要經常翻動(dong)零(ling)件(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)砂完后(hou)(hou)，放入防(fang)銹液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)空氣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干 燥(zao)。需要注意的是，防(fang)銹處理必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂后(hou)(hou)24小時(shi)內完成。

效(xiao)果

上述方法(fa)簡單(dan)實用(yong)，不需要(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)裝(zhuang)備即可(ke)實現直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的加工(gong)，且經(jing)濟性好，成本較低(di)。經(jing)對(dui) 加工(gong)后(hou)的錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)進行檢測，尺(chi)寸及形(xing)位精度(du)(du)均符合要(yao)求，滲碳層深度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm，齒(chi)(chi)部(bu)金相組(zu)織為 單(dan)一的板條狀回火(huo)馬氏體組(zu)織，硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40，完全可(ke)以滿足該零件(jian)的質 量要(yao)求。