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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的結構和技術參數可知(zhi),該錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標準結構,一般(ban)情況下(xia),標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)銑(xian) 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是(shi)按大端(duan)(duan)背(bei)錐當量(liang)(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照小端(duan)(duan)設(she)計,并考慮留(liu)有一定精切余量(liang)(liang)。一 般(ban)情況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)銑(xian)刀有3把、8把、15把、26把一套,刀號應按照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇(ze)。當 量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照下(xia)式(shi)計算:
熱(re)處理(li)工藝方法(fa)及過(guo)程
如前文所述,機加工前對齒坯進行整體(ti)高溫(wen)正火(huo)(huo)處理,正火(huo)(huo)設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐(lu)(lu),具(ju)體(ti)工藝過程(cheng)是,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)裝爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將(jiang)齒輪(lun)放 爐(lu)(lu)中,裝零(ling)(ling)件時(shi)如果需要(yao)疊放,疊放高度(du)不要(yao)超過兩層,然(ran)后將(jiang)零(ling)(ling)件加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完(wan)全發生相(xiang)變,保溫(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即可。正火(huo)(huo)工藝:
由(you)于該(gai)齒輪(lun)精度要求(qiu)不是很高,為降低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)(de)(de)工藝方法(fa),具 體(ti)方法(fa)是將(jiang)零(ling)(ling)件裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不要疊加,爐溫升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始滴(di)航空煤油(you)(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)(you)滴(di)速為60-80d/min, 爐溫升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)零(ling)(ling)件開(kai)始裝(zhuang)爐。排氣期結束后(hou),放入兩只試(shi)棒,其(qi)中一只試(shi)棒在(zai)(zai)擴散時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為120 min時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取(qu)出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)(you)(you)冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬(ying)層深(shen)度,根(gen)據(ju)檢驗(yan)結果決定是否降溫,若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度不足,擴散期延長(chang)至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定參數進行(xing),為控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)度,可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐中加裝(zhuang)氧(yang)傳(chuan)感 器的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)進行(xing)監(jian)測和(he)(he)控制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)氧(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)氣氛(fen)狀態轉化(hua)為電勢(shi)差,上述差值(zhi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)較和(he)(he)計算(suan),確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度是否合適并(bing)對其(qi)進行(xing)自(zi)動優化(hua)和(he)(he)調整(zheng),使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)精度可(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度并(bing)提高滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)(de)質量,確保(bao)無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai)(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均(jun)溫期結束后(hou),零(ling)(ling)件出爐直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒溫油(you)(you)(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介質為專用(yong)(yong)等溫分級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you)(you),介質溫度恒定在(zai)(zai)110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻30min后(hou),出爐空冷(leng)。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)火(huo)后零件的殘余應(ying)力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂(lie)紋(wen)的產生(sheng),應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)后的零件進(jin)行低溫回(hui)火(huo)處(chu)理,具體工藝方法是在當爐(lu)溫升至160℃左右時零 件開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷(leng),回(hui)火(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工藝圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序處理
將熱處理后(hou)的零件放在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機的轉盤(pan)上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處理,選用石英砂(sha)(sha)的粒(li)度為10-20目,在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)要(yao)經常翻動零件使(shi)各面噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果(guo)均勻。零件噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完后(hou),放入(ru)防銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要(yao)注意的是,防銹處理必須(xu)在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后(hou)24小時內完成。
效(xiao)果
上述方法簡單(dan)實用(yong),不(bu)需要專用(yong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)即可實現直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪的(de)加工(gong),且經(jing)濟性好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加工(gong)后(hou)的(de)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪進行(xing)檢測,尺寸及形(xing)位(wei)精度(du)均符合要求(qiu),滲碳(tan)層深度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相組織為 單(dan)一的(de)板條狀回(hui)火馬(ma)氏體組織,硬(ying)度(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度(du)為HRC36-40,完全(quan)可以(yi)滿足該(gai)零件的(de)質 量要求(qiu)。