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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵制作工藝(yi)
刀具選擇(ze)
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構(gou)和技術參數可(ke)(ke)知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標(biao)準結構(gou),一般情(qing)況下,標(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按大端背錐當(dang)量漸開(kai)線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照(zhao)小端設(she)(she)計(ji),并考慮(lv)留有一定精切余量。一 般情(qing)況下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一套,刀號(hao)應按照(zhao)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選(xuan)擇(ze)。當(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)下式計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如前(qian)文所述(shu),機加(jia)工(gong)前(qian)對齒坯進行整體(ti)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)正火處(chu)理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具(ju)體(ti)工(gong)藝過程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang)(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)零(ling)件(jian)時如果(guo)需要疊放(fang)(fang),疊放(fang)(fang)高(gao)度不要超過兩層,然后將零(ling)件(jian)加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組(zu)織完全發(fa)生相變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正火工(gong)藝:
由(you)于該齒輪精(jing)度要求不是很高(gao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火成(cheng)本,可(ke)以采用(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)法(fa),具(ju) 體方(fang)法(fa)是將零件(jian)裝入(ru)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始滴航空煤油,煤油滴速為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣期結束(shu)后(hou),放(fang)入(ru)兩只試(shi)棒,其中(zhong)一(yi)只試(shi)棒在(zai)擴(kuo)散(san)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢(jian)驗淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度,根據(ju)檢(jian)驗結果決定是否降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度不足,擴(kuo)散(san)期延長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定參數進(jin)行,為(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度,可(ke)采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)感 器的(de)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行監測和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器通過氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀態轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)(wei)電勢差,上述(shu)差值通過控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)比(bi)較和(he)計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃度是否合適并(bing)對其進(jin)行自動(dong)優(you)化和(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度可(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度并(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)質量,確保(bao)無(wu)塊狀、網狀滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結束(shu)后(hou),零件(jian)出爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火設(she)備(bei)選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)油槽(cao),淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火油,介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)度恒(heng)定在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)(ling)件的(de)殘余(yu)應力并防(fang)止淬(cui)火(huo)裂紋(wen)的(de)產生(sheng),應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的(de)零(ling)(ling)件進(jin)行低溫回(hui)火(huo)處(chu)理,具體工(gong)藝方(fang)法是在當爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至(zhi)160℃左右時零(ling)(ling) 件開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及(ji)回(hui)火(huo)工(gong)藝圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后(hou)序處理
將熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)的零(ling)件放在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂機的轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂處(chu)理(li)(li),選用(yong)石英(ying)砂的粒度為10-20目(mu),在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂過 程中要經(jing)常(chang)翻動零(ling)件使各面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)砂效果均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)(pen)砂完后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)防(fang)銹(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在(zai)空氣中干(gan) 燥(zao)。需要注(zhu)意的是,防(fang)銹(xiu)處(chu)理(li)(li)必(bi)須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂后(hou)(hou)24小(xiao)時內完成(cheng)。
效果
上述方法(fa)簡單實(shi)用(yong),不需要(yao)專用(yong)裝備即可實(shi)現直齒錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪的(de)(de)加(jia)工,且經濟性(xing)好,成本較低。經對 加(jia)工后的(de)(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪進(jin)行檢(jian)測,尺寸(cun)及形位精度(du)均(jun)符合要(yao)求,滲碳(tan)層深(shen)度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金相(xiang)組織為 單一(yi)的(de)(de)板條狀(zhuang)回火馬氏(shi)體組織,硬度(du)為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)為HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以(yi)滿足該零件的(de)(de)質 量要(yao)求。