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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具選(xuan)擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構(gou)和技術參數(shu)可(ke)知,該(gai)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準(zhun)結構(gou),一(yi)般情況(kuang)下(xia),標準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑(xian) 刀的齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)是(shi)按大端背錐(zhui)當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)設計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按照(zhao)(zhao)小端設計(ji),并考慮留(liu)有一(yi)定精切余量。一(yi) 般情況(kuang)下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑(xian)刀有3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)套(tao),刀號應按照(zhao)(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)按照(zhao)(zhao)下(xia)式計(ji)算:
熱(re)處理工(gong)藝方法及(ji)過程
如前文(wen)所述,機加(jia)工(gong)(gong)前對齒坯(pi)進行整體高溫(wen)(wen)正火處理,正火設備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至裝爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒輪放 爐(lu)中,裝零件時如果需要(yao)疊放,疊放高度不(bu)要(yao)超過(guo)兩層,然后將零件加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變(bian),保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即可。正火工(gong)(gong)藝:
由于該(gai)齒輪精度(du)要求(qiu)不是(shi)很高(gao),為(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本,可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)工藝方法,具 體(ti)方法是(shi)將零件裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中,不要疊(die)加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開(kai)始滴航空煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時零件開(kai)始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣(qi)期結(jie)束后,放(fang)入兩只試(shi)棒(bang),其中一(yi)只試(shi)棒(bang)在擴散(san)時間為(wei)120 min時取出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)(you)冷卻(que)并檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根據(ju)檢驗(yan)結(jie)果決定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否(fou)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不足,擴散(san)期延長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)(ke)按照表1規定(ding)(ding)參數進(jin)行(xing),為(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)度(du),可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中加裝氧傳(chuan)感(gan) 器(qi)的(de)方法進(jin)行(xing)監測和(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)通(tong)過氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢(shi)差,上(shang)述差值通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和(he)(he)計(ji)算(suan),確定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)是(shi)否(fou)合適并對其進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)動(dong)優化(hua)和(he)(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有(you)效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質量(liang),確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)期結(jie)束后,零件出爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)質為(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷卻(que)30min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空冷。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件(jian)的殘余應(ying)(ying)力(li)并防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂紋的產(chan)生,應(ying)(ying)盡快將(jiang)淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)進行低(di)溫(wen)回火(huo)處理(li),具體工(gong)藝方法是在當爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左右時零(ling) 件(jian)開(kai)始(shi)裝爐(lu)(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空冷,回火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及回火(huo)工(gong)藝圖見(jian)圖5:
后序處理(li)
將熱處(chu)理(li)后(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)放(fang)在噴砂(sha)機的轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴砂(sha)處(chu)理(li),選用(yong)石英砂(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在噴砂(sha)過 程中要(yao)(yao)經常翻(fan)動零(ling)件(jian)使各(ge)面噴砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)噴砂(sha)完后(hou),放(fang)入(ru)防(fang)銹液中浸(jin)泡2-4min后(hou),在空氣(qi)中干 燥。需要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)的是,防(fang)銹處(chu)理(li)必須(xu)在噴砂(sha)后(hou)24小時內完成。
效果
上述方(fang)法簡單(dan)實(shi)用,不需要專(zhuan)用裝備即可(ke)(ke)實(shi)現直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)加工(gong),且經(jing)濟(ji)性好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加工(gong)后的(de)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)進行檢測,尺寸(cun)及形(xing)位精度(du)(du)(du)(du)均符合要求,滲碳層深度(du)(du)(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部(bu)金相組織為 單(dan)一的(de)板條(tiao)狀回火馬氏(shi)體組織,硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完(wan)全可(ke)(ke)以(yi)滿足該零件的(de)質 量要求。