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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵(beng)制作工藝
刀(dao)具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的結構(gou)和技術(shu)參數可知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于(yu)標(biao)準結構(gou),一般情(qing)況下,標(biao)準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)(an)(an)大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)小端設計,并考慮留有一定精切余量(liang)。一 般情(qing)況下直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)銑刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一套,刀號應(ying)按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇(ze)。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)(an)(an)照(zhao)下式計算:
熱處(chu)理工(gong)藝方法及(ji)過程(cheng)
如(ru)前(qian)文所述,機加工(gong)前(qian)對(dui)齒(chi)坯(pi)進行整體(ti)高(gao)溫(wen)正(zheng)火處理(li),正(zheng)火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體(ti)工(gong)藝過(guo)程是,爐溫(wen)升至(zhi)裝(zhuang)爐溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將(jiang)齒(chi)輪放(fang) 爐中,裝(zhuang)零件時(shi)如(ru)果(guo)需要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高(gao)度(du)不要(yao)超過(guo)兩層,然(ran)后將(jiang)零件加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織(zhi)完全發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空(kong)冷即可。正(zheng)火工(gong)藝:
由(you)于該齒輪精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求不是很高,為(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)成(cheng)本,可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)的工藝方法,具(ju) 體方法是將零件裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不要(yao)疊(die)加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始滴航空煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時零件開始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣(qi)期結(jie)束后(hou),放入(ru)兩只(zhi)試(shi)棒,其中(zhong)一只(zhi)試(shi)棒在擴散時間為(wei)120 min時取出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)(you)冷卻并(bing)檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)(du),根(gen)據檢驗(yan)結(jie)果決定是否降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)不足,擴散期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)(ke)按照表1規定參(can)數進行(xing)(xing),為(wei)控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧傳(chuan)感(gan) 器的方法進行(xing)(xing)監測和控制(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感(gan)器通過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)電勢差,上述差值通過(guo)控制(zhi) 系(xi)統的比較和計算,確(que)定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是否合適并(bing)對其進行(xing)(xing)自動(dong)優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的質(zhi)量,確(que)保(bao)無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備采 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期結(jie)束后(hou),零件出爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)設(she)備選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽(cao),淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)為(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you),介(jie)質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)恒定在110-120℃之間,冷卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空冷。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)零件(jian)的(de)殘余應力并(bing)防止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應盡快(kuai)將淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)的(de)零件(jian)進行(xing)低溫回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理,具(ju)體工(gong)藝方法是在當爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至(zhi)160℃左右時零 件(jian)開(kai)始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱(re)處(chu)理后的(de)(de)零件(jian)放在噴(pen)砂(sha)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉盤上(shang)進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理,選(xuan)用(yong)石英砂(sha)的(de)(de)粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程中要經常(chang)翻動零件(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)效果均(jun)勻(yun)。零件(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)完后,放入防(fang)銹液中浸泡2-4min后,在空氣中干 燥。需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)是,防(fang)銹處(chu)理必(bi)須在噴(pen)砂(sha)后24小(xiao)時內完成。
效(xiao)果
上述方(fang)法簡(jian)單實(shi)用,不需要(yao)專用裝備(bei)即(ji)可實(shi)現直齒(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)輪的(de)加(jia)工,且經濟性好,成(cheng)本較低。經對 加(jia)工后的(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)輪進行檢測,尺寸(cun)及形位精(jing)度(du)(du)均符合要(yao)求,滲碳層深(shen)度(du)(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部(bu)金(jin)相組織(zhi)為(wei) 單一的(de)板條狀回火馬(ma)氏體組織(zhi),硬(ying)度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬(ying)度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以(yi)滿足(zu)該(gai)零件的(de)質 量(liang)要(yao)求。