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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝(yi)
刀具選擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)結構(gou)(gou)和技術參數可知,該(gai)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于(yu)標準結構(gou)(gou),一(yi)般情況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)銑 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)是按大端(duan)背錐當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)設計,而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按照(zhao)小端(duan)設計,并考慮留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)精切余(yu)量。一(yi) 般情況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)銑刀(dao)有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按照(zhao)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)數來選(xuan)擇(ze)。當 量齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照(zhao)下式計算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如(ru)(ru)前文所述,機加工(gong)前對齒坯進行整體(ti)高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐,具體(ti)工(gong)藝過程是,爐溫(wen)升至(zhi)裝(zhuang)爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang) 爐中(zhong),裝(zhuang)零件時如(ru)(ru)果需要疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度不(bu)要超過兩層,然后(hou)將零件加熱(re)至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變(bian),保溫(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘(zhong)后(hou),空冷即可。正火工(gong)藝:
由于該齒(chi)輪精度(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是很(hen)高(gao)(gao),為(wei)降(jiang)低(di)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本,可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)工藝方(fang)(fang)法,具(ju) 體方(fang)(fang)法是將零件(jian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)筐中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)要(yao)疊加(jia),爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開始滴航(hang)空(kong)(kong)煤(mei)油(you)(you),煤(mei)油(you)(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時(shi)(shi)零件(jian)開始裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。排氣期結束(shu)后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)兩只試(shi)棒,其中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)只試(shi)棒在擴散時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)(you)冷卻(que)并檢(jian)驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根(gen)據檢(jian)驗結果決定是否(fou)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不(bu)足,擴散期延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)(shi)可按照(zhao)表1規(gui)定參(can)數(shu)進(jin)行(xing),為(wei)控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)碳(tan)勢濃度(du),可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)氧(yang)傳感 器(qi)的(de)方(fang)(fang)法進(jin)行(xing)監測和控制(zhi),氧(yang)傳感器(qi)通過氧(yang)化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢差,上(shang)述差值通過控制(zhi) 系(xi)統的(de)比較和計算,確(que)定碳(tan)勢的(de)濃度(du)是否(fou)合適并對其進(jin)行(xing)自動優(you)化(hua)和調(diao)整,使碳(tan)勢控制(zhi)精度(du)可以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有(you)效控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并提(ti)高(gao)(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang),確(que)保(bao)無塊(kuai)狀、網(wang)狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)設備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)期結束(shu)后(hou)(hou),零件(jian)出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)選用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you)(you),介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恒定在110-120℃之間,冷卻(que)30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)空(kong)(kong)冷。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)火(huo)后零件的殘余應力并(bing)防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂紋的產生,應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)后的零件進(jin)行低溫(wen)(wen)回(hui)火(huo)處(chu)理(li),具體(ti)工藝方法是在當爐溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至160℃左右(you)時零 件開始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐,保溫(wen)(wen)120-150min后,出爐空冷,回(hui)火(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐。淬(cui)火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)后的零件放在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機的轉盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li),選用石英(ying)砂(sha)(sha)的粒(li)度(du)為(wei)10-20目(mu),在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程中要經常翻動零件使各(ge)面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完(wan)后,放入(ru)防(fang)銹液中浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣中干 燥。需要注意的是,防(fang)銹處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后24小時內(nei)完(wan)成。
效果
上述方法簡單實用,不(bu)需要專用裝備即可實現直齒錐齒輪的加工(gong),且經濟(ji)性好,成本較(jiao)低。經對 加工(gong)后的錐齒輪進行檢測(ce),尺寸(cun)及形位精(jing)度(du)均符(fu)合要求(qiu),滲碳層深度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金(jin)相組(zu)織為 單一的板(ban)條狀(zhuang)回火馬氏體組(zu)織,硬(ying)度(du)為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬(ying)度(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該(gai)零件的質 量要求(qiu)。