東莞(guan)市銳(rui)鑫(xin)機電有(you)限公司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝
刀具選擇(ze)
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)構和技術參數(shu)可(ke)知(zhi),該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結(jie)構,一般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia),標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑(xian) 刀(dao)(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按照(zhao)小端設計,并考慮留有(you)一定精切余(yu)量。一 般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一套,刀(dao)(dao)號應按照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來(lai)選(xuan)擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)按照(zhao)下(xia)式計算(suan):
熱處理工藝方法及過(guo)程(cheng)
如(ru)前文所述,機加工前對齒(chi)坯進行整體高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐(lu),具體工藝過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至裝爐(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中(zhong),裝零件(jian)時如(ru)果需(xu)要疊(die)(die)放(fang),疊(die)(die)放(fang)高度不(bu)要超過(guo)兩層,然后將零件(jian)加熱(re)至920-940℃,使組織(zhi)完全發生(sheng)相變(bian),保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷(leng)即可(ke)。正火工藝:
由于(yu)該齒輪精(jing)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)是(shi)很高(gao),為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低(di)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)成(cheng)本,可以采(cai)用滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)將零件(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)要(yao)(yao)疊(die)加,爐溫(wen)升至840℃開始(shi)(shi)滴航(hang)空(kong)煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐溫(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開始(shi)(shi)裝爐。排氣(qi)期(qi)結束后(hou),放入兩只試棒,其中(zhong)一只試棒在擴(kuo)散時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)油(you)冷(leng)(leng)卻并檢驗淬(cui)硬(ying)層深度(du),根據檢驗結果(guo)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴(kuo)散期(qi)延長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可按照表1規定(ding)(ding)參數(shu)進(jin)行,為(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)濃度(du),可采(cai)用在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐中(zhong)加裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)感 器(qi)的(de)(de)方法進(jin)行監(jian)測和控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器(qi)通(tong)過氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀態轉化為(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)(shi)差,上(shang)述差值通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統(tong)的(de)(de)比較和計算,確定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否合適(shi)并對其進(jin)行自(zi)動優化和調整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度(du)可以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有效控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)質量,確保無塊狀、網(wang)狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備采(cai) 用RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)期(qi)結束后(hou),零件(jian)出爐直接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)設(she)備選用專(zhuan)用恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介質為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you),介質溫(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷(leng)(leng)卻30min后(hou),出爐空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)。
為(wei)(wei)消除淬火(huo)(huo)后零(ling)件(jian)的殘余應力并(bing)防止(zhi)淬火(huo)(huo)裂(lie)紋的產生,應盡快將淬火(huo)(huo)后的零(ling)件(jian)進行低溫回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理,具體工藝方(fang)法是在當爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至160℃左右時零(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐(lu),保(bao)溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)設(she)備為(wei)(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后序(xu)處理
將熱處(chu)理后(hou)的零件(jian)放在噴(pen)砂(sha)機的轉盤上(shang)進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理,選用石英砂(sha)的粒度(du)為10-20目(mu),在噴(pen)砂(sha)過(guo) 程(cheng)中(zhong)要經常翻動零件(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)效(xiao)果(guo)均勻。零件(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)完后(hou),放入防銹(xiu)液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在空氣中(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要注意的是,防銹(xiu)處(chu)理必須在噴(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)24小時內完成。
效果
上述方法簡單實用,不需要(yao)專用裝備(bei)即可實現直(zhi)齒錐齒輪(lun)的加工,且經(jing)濟性好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加工后(hou)的錐齒輪(lun)進行(xing)檢測,尺寸(cun)及形位精度(du)均(jun)符合(he)要(yao)求(qiu),滲碳層深度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組(zu)織為 單一(yi)的板條狀回火馬氏(shi)體組(zu)織,硬度(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該(gai)零件(jian)的質 量要(yao)求(qiu)。