東(dong)莞市銳鑫(xin)機電有限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝(yi)
刀具選(xuan)擇
從該齒輪(lun)(lun)的(de)結(jie)構和技術參(can)數(shu)可知,該錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)(lun)屬于標準結(jie)構,一(yi)般情況下(xia)(xia),標準直(zhi)齒錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian) 刀(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)齒形(xing)是按(an)(an)大端背錐(zhui)當量(liang)漸(jian)開線齒形(xing)設(she)計(ji)(ji),而(er)齒厚則按(an)(an)照小(xiao)端設(she)計(ji)(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)定精切余量(liang)。一(yi) 般情況下(xia)(xia)直(zhi)齒錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)有3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)套,刀(dao)(dao)(dao)號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)(lun)當量(liang)齒數(shu)來選擇。當 量(liang)齒數(shu)Zv可按(an)(an)照下(xia)(xia)式計(ji)(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方(fang)法及過程
如前文所述(shu),機加(jia)工(gong)(gong)前對齒坯進行整體高溫(wen)正火(huo)(huo)處理,正火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式(shi)爐(lu),具體工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零件(jian)時如果需要(yao)(yao)疊(die)放(fang),疊(die)放(fang)高度(du)不要(yao)(yao)超過(guo)兩層,然后將零件(jian)加(jia)熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組(zu)織完全發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空(kong)冷即可。正火(huo)(huo)工(gong)(gong)藝:
由于(yu)該齒輪精(jing)度要(yao)求不是(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)(wei)降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)成本,可以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)的工藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)將(jiang)零(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不要(yao)疊加,爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至840℃開始滴航空煤(mei)油(you)(you),煤(mei)油(you)(you)滴速(su)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至930℃時(shi)零(ling)件(jian)開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期(qi)結束(shu)后,放入兩只(zhi)試棒(bang),其(qi)中一只(zhi)試棒(bang)在擴散時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取(qu)出淬油(you)(you)冷卻并檢(jian)驗(yan)淬硬層(ceng)(ceng)深度,根據檢(jian)驗(yan)結果決定是(shi)否降溫,若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深度不足,擴散期(qi)延(yan)長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可按照表1規定參數進行,為(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度,可采用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加裝(zhuang)氧傳(chuan)感(gan) 器(qi)的方法進行監(jian)測和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)通過氧化(hua)鋯探(tan)頭,將(jiang)氣氛(fen)狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)電勢差,上述差值通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系統的比(bi)較和計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的濃度是(shi)否合適并對其(qi)進行自動優化(hua)和調(diao)整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)度可以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深度并提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的質(zhi)量,確保無(wu)塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫期(qi)結束(shu)后,零(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)直接淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)。淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備選用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒溫油(you)(you)槽,淬 火(huo)(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)等溫分級淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)油(you)(you),介質(zhi)溫度恒定在110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻30min后,出爐(lu)空冷。
為消(xiao)除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后零件(jian)的殘余(yu)應力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂(lie)紋的產(chan)生,應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后的零件(jian)進行低溫(wen)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理(li),具體工(gong)藝(yi)方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至160℃左右時零 件(jian)開始裝爐(lu),保(bao)溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝(yi)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序處理
將(jiang)熱處(chu)理(li)后(hou)的零(ling)件放(fang)在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機的轉盤上進(jin)行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)處(chu)理(li),選(xuan)用(yong)石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的粒度(du)為10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程(cheng)中(zhong)要經常翻動零(ling)件使各面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)效果(guo)均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)完(wan)后(hou),放(fang)入防銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在空氣中(zhong)干(gan) 燥(zao)。需(xu)要注意的是,防銹處(chu)理(li)必須(xu)在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)后(hou)24小時內完(wan)成。
效果
上述方(fang)法(fa)簡單實用,不需要(yao)專用裝備即可實現直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong),且經(jing)濟性(xing)好,成(cheng)本較(jiao)低(di)。經(jing)對 加(jia)(jia)工(gong)后的(de)(de)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪進行檢測,尺(chi)寸及形(xing)位(wei)精度均符合(he)要(yao)求,滲碳層深度為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相(xiang)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei) 單一的(de)(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),硬度為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心(xin)部硬度為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以滿(man)足該零件的(de)(de)質(zhi) 量要(yao)求。