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具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝(yi)
刀具(ju)選(xuan)擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技術(shu)參數(shu)可(ke)知,該(gai)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結構,一般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下,標準直(zhi)齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)成形銑(xian) 刀(dao)的齒(chi)形是按(an)大端背錐當量漸開線(xian)齒(chi)形設計,而齒(chi)厚則按(an)照小端設計,并考(kao)慮留有一定精切余量。一 般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下直(zhi)齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)成形銑(xian)刀(dao)有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一套(tao),刀(dao)號(hao)應按(an)照錐齒(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當 量齒(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)按(an)照下式(shi)計算:
熱(re)處理工藝(yi)方法及(ji)過程(cheng)
如前文所述(shu),機加工前對(dui)齒坯進行整體(ti)高溫(wen)(wen)正火處理,正火設備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐,具(ju)體(ti)工藝過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi),爐溫(wen)(wen)升至裝爐溫(wen)(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放 爐中,裝零(ling)件時如果需要疊放,疊放高度(du)不要超過(guo)兩層,然后將(jiang)零(ling)件加熱(re)至920-940℃,使組織完全(quan)發生相變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即(ji)可。正火工藝:
由于該齒輪(lun)精度(du)要求不是很高,為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火成本,可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬(cui)(cui)火的(de)工藝方(fang)法,具 體(ti)方(fang)法是將零(ling)件裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不要疊(die)加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開始滴航空(kong)(kong)煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時(shi)零(ling)件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期(qi)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)后,放入兩(liang)只試(shi)棒,其中(zhong)一(yi)只試(shi)棒在擴散時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)油(you)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)并(bing)檢驗(yan)(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬層深度(du),根據檢驗(yan)(yan)結(jie)果決定是否降溫(wen)(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不足,擴散期(qi)延長至 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定參數進行,為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝(zhuang)氧傳(chuan)感 器的(de)方(fang)法進行監測(ce)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感器通(tong)(tong)過氧化鋯(gao)探頭,將氣氛狀態(tai)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)電(dian)勢差,上述(shu)差值通(tong)(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)比(bi)較和(he)計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃度(du)是否合(he)適(shi)并(bing)對其進行自動(dong)優(you)化和(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并(bing)提(ti)高滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質(zhi)量,確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期(qi)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)后,零(ling)件出(chu)爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)火設備選用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)油(you)槽(cao),淬(cui)(cui) 火介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火油(you),介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定在110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)30min后,出(chu)爐(lu)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后零(ling)件(jian)的(de)殘(can)余應力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂(lie)紋(wen)的(de)產生,應盡快(kuai)將淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后的(de)零(ling)件(jian)進行(xing)低溫(wen)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理,具體工(gong)藝方法是(shi)在(zai)當爐溫(wen)升至160℃左右時(shi)零(ling) 件(jian)開(kai)始裝爐,保(bao)溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐空冷(leng),回(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序處理
將熱(re)處理后(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)放在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)機(ji)的轉盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)處理,選(xuan)用石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)要(yao)經常(chang)翻動(dong)零(ling)件(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)完(wan)后(hou),放入防銹(xiu)液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)空(kong)氣中(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要(yao)注意的是(shi),防銹(xiu)處理必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)后(hou)24小時內(nei)完(wan)成。
效(xiao)果(guo)
上(shang)述(shu)方法簡單(dan)實用(yong),不需要(yao)專用(yong)裝備即可實現直(zhi)齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪的(de)(de)加工,且(qie)經濟(ji)性好,成本較低。經對(dui) 加工后的(de)(de)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪進行檢測,尺寸及形位精度(du)均符合要(yao)求,滲(shen)碳層深(shen)度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相組織(zhi)為 單(dan)一的(de)(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組織(zhi),硬(ying)度(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以(yi)滿足該零件的(de)(de)質 量要(yao)求。