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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技(ji)術參數(shu)(shu)可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結構,一(yi)般情(qing)況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)(an)大端背錐(zhui)當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計,而(er)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照小端設(she)計,并考慮留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定精切余量。一(yi) 般情(qing)況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑刀有(you)3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)套,刀號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可(ke)按(an)(an)照下式計算:
熱處(chu)理工藝(yi)方法及過程
如前(qian)文(wen)所述,機加工前(qian)對齒(chi)坯進行整體高(gao)溫正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具(ju)體工藝(yi)過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)溫度(du)400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零件時如果(guo)需要疊放,疊放高(gao)度(du)不要超過(guo)兩層,然后(hou)將零件加熱(re)至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可。正火工藝(yi):
由(you)于該(gai)齒輪精(jing)度要求不(bu)是(shi)(shi)很高,為(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)工藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)(shi)將零件(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳筐(kuang)中,不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始滴航空煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期(qi)(qi)結束后(hou),放入兩只(zhi)試棒,其中一只(zhi)試棒在(zai)(zai)(zai)擴散時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)油(you)(you)冷(leng)卻并檢驗淬(cui)硬層(ceng)深(shen)度,根據檢驗結果決(jue)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)否降溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層(ceng)深(shen)度不(bu)足,擴散期(qi)(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照表(biao)1規定(ding)參數(shu)進行(xing),為(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳時(shi)的(de)碳勢濃度,可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳爐(lu)中加裝氧(yang)(yang)傳感 器的(de)方法進行(xing)監測(ce)和(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)(yang)傳感器通過氧(yang)(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛(fen)狀態轉化為(wei)電勢差(cha),上述差(cha)值通過控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和(he)計算,確定(ding)碳勢的(de)濃度是(shi)(shi)否合適并對其進行(xing)自動優化和(he)調整,使碳勢控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度可(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效(xiao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層(ceng)深(shen)度并提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層(ceng)的(de)質量,確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳設備采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期(qi)(qi)結束后(hou),零件(jian)出爐(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽(cao),淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)(huo)介質為(wei)專用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)油(you)(you),介質溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度恒定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)殘余應(ying)力并(bing)防止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng),應(ying)盡快將(jiang)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)后的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)進行低溫回火(huo)(huo)處理,具(ju)體工藝方法(fa)是在當爐溫升(sheng)至160℃左右時零(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐,保(bao)溫120-150min后,出(chu)爐空冷(leng),回火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)爐。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)及(ji)回火(huo)(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后序處(chu)理
將熱處(chu)理(li)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件放在噴砂(sha)機的(de)(de)(de)轉盤上進行噴砂(sha)處(chu)理(li),選用(yong)石英砂(sha)的(de)(de)(de)粒度為10-20目,在噴砂(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經常(chang)翻動零(ling)件使各面噴砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件噴砂(sha)完后(hou),放入防銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在空(kong)氣中(zhong)干 燥。需要注意的(de)(de)(de)是,防銹處(chu)理(li)必須在噴砂(sha)后(hou)24小時(shi)內(nei)完成(cheng)。
效(xiao)果(guo)
上(shang)述(shu)方法(fa)簡(jian)單實用(yong),不需(xu)要(yao)專用(yong)裝備即可實現直齒錐齒輪(lun)的加工,且經(jing)濟性好,成(cheng)本較低。經(jing)對 加工后的錐齒輪(lun)進(jin)行檢測,尺寸及形(xing)位精度(du)均符合要(yao)求(qiu),滲碳(tan)層深度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織為(wei) 單一的板(ban)條(tiao)狀回火馬氏體組織,硬度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該(gai)零件的質 量要(yao)求(qiu)。