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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝
刀具選擇(ze)
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)結(jie)構和技術參數(shu)可知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)結(jie)構,一(yi)般(ban)情況下(xia),標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)銑 刀的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)大(da)端背錐當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按(an)照小端設(she)計,并考(kao)慮留有一(yi)定精(jing)切余(yu)量。一(yi) 般(ban)情況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)銑刀有3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)套,刀號應按(an)照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選(xuan)擇(ze)。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可按(an)照下(xia)式計算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如前文所述(shu),機加(jia)工(gong)前對齒坯(pi)進行(xing)整體高(gao)溫正(zheng)(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)(zheng)火設備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐,具體工(gong)藝過程是,爐溫升至裝爐溫度400-650℃時,將(jiang)(jiang)齒輪放 爐中,裝零(ling)件時如果需(xu)要疊放,疊放高(gao)度不要超過兩層(ceng),然后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)零(ling)件加(jia)熱(re)至920-940℃,使組織完全發生(sheng)相變,保溫30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可(ke)。正(zheng)(zheng)火工(gong)藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)要求不是(shi)很(hen)高,為(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)成本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬火(huo)的(de)工(gong)藝方法(fa),具 體(ti)方法(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)零件(jian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開始滴航(hang)空煤油,煤油滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開始裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐(lu)。排(pai)氣期結(jie)(jie)束后,放入(ru)(ru)兩只(zhi)試棒,其(qi)(qi)中一只(zhi)試棒在(zai)擴(kuo)散時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)120 min時(shi)取出(chu)淬油冷(leng)卻(que)并檢驗(yan)淬硬層深度(du),根據(ju)檢驗(yan)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)決定是(shi)否降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不足,擴(kuo)散期延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定參數進行(xing),為(wei)控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)濃(nong)度(du),可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加裝(zhuang)(zhuang)氧(yang)傳感 器的(de)方法(fa)進行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)和控制(zhi),氧(yang)傳感器通過(guo)氧(yang)化(hua)鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)氣氛狀態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)電勢(shi)(shi)差(cha),上述(shu)差(cha)值通過(guo)控制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和計(ji)算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)是(shi)否合適并對其(qi)(qi)進行(xing)自動優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并提(ti)高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質量,確保(bao)無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai)(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結(jie)(jie)束后,零件(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)直接淬火(huo)。淬火(huo)設備選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油槽,淬 火(huo)介質為(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬火(huo)油,介質溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恒定在(zai)110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻(que)30min后,出(chu)爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消除淬火(huo)后零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)殘余(yu)應(ying)力(li)并防(fang)止淬火(huo)裂紋的(de)(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬火(huo)后的(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)進行低溫回(hui)火(huo)處理(li),具(ju)體(ti)工(gong)藝方法是在當爐(lu)溫升至160℃左右時零 件(jian)(jian)開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工(gong)藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將(jiang)熱處理(li)后的零(ling)件(jian)(jian)放(fang)在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)機的轉(zhuan)盤上(shang)進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處理(li),選(xuan)用石英(ying)砂(sha)的粒度(du)為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程中(zhong)要(yao)經常翻動(dong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)完后,放(fang)入防銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong)干 燥。需要(yao)注意的是,防銹處理(li)必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)后24小時內完成。
效果
上述方法簡單實(shi)用,不需要專用裝備即可實(shi)現直(zhi)齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)的加(jia)工,且經濟性(xing)好(hao),成本較(jiao)低(di)。經對 加(jia)工后的錐齒(chi)輪(lun)進行(xing)檢測(ce),尺寸及形位精度均符合要求,滲(shen)碳層深度為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部(bu)金相組(zu)織為 單一的板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織,硬(ying)度為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬(ying)度為HRC36-40,完全(quan)可以(yi)滿足該零件的質 量要求。