東莞市銳鑫機電(dian)有限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵(beng)制作(zuo)工(gong)藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)(de)結(jie)構和(he)技術參(can)數可知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標準(zhun)結(jie)構,一(yi)般(ban)情況(kuang)(kuang)下,標準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)(xing)(xing)銑 刀(dao)的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)是按(an)(an)大端(duan)背(bei)錐(zhui)(zhui)當量漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)設計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照小端(duan)設計(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)定精切余量。一(yi) 般(ban)情況(kuang)(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)(xing)(xing)銑刀(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來(lai)選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)(an)照下式計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法(fa)及過程(cheng)
如前(qian)文所(suo)述,機加工(gong)前(qian)對齒坯(pi)進行整體(ti)高溫(wen)(wen)正火(huo)處理,正火(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體(ti)工(gong)藝過程(cheng)是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪(lun)放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零件時如果需要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度不(bu)要(yao)超過兩(liang)層,然(ran)后將(jiang)零件加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相(xiang)變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后,空(kong)冷(leng)即(ji)可。正火(huo)工(gong)藝:
由于該(gai)齒輪精度要求不(bu)是很(hen)高(gao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)(huo)成本(ben),可(ke)以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后直接(jie)淬火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方(fang)法,具 體方(fang)法是將零(ling)件裝入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開(kai)(kai)始(shi)滴航空煤(mei)油,煤(mei)油滴速為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)零(ling)件開(kai)(kai)始(shi)裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣(qi)(qi)期結(jie)束后,放入兩(liang)只試棒(bang),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)只試棒(bang)在(zai)擴(kuo)散(san)(san)時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬油冷卻(que)并(bing)檢驗(yan)淬硬層深(shen)度,根據檢驗(yan)結(jie)果決定(ding)是否降溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度不(bu)足,擴(kuo)散(san)(san)期延(yan)長(chang)至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定(ding)參數進行,為(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)度,可(ke)采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加裝氧傳感 器的(de)(de)方(fang)法進行監測和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感器通(tong)過(guo)氧化鋯探頭,將氣(qi)(qi)氛狀態轉化為(wei)(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)差(cha),上述差(cha)值通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系統(tong)的(de)(de)比較(jiao)和(he)計(ji)算,確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃(nong)度是否合適并(bing)對其進行自動優(you)化和(he)調(diao)整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精度可(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效(xiao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度并(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)質量,確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結(jie)束后,零(ling)件出爐(lu)(lu)直接(jie)淬火(huo)(huo)。淬火(huo)(huo)設備選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)油槽,淬 火(huo)(huo)介質為(wei)(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬火(huo)(huo)油,介質溫(wen)度恒定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷卻(que)30min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空冷。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的殘余(yu)應力(li)并防止淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)裂紋的產生,應盡快將淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)(ling)件(jian)進行低溫回(hui)(hui)火(huo)處理,具體工藝方法是在(zai)當(dang)爐溫升至160℃左右(you)時(shi)零(ling)(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐,保溫120-150min后(hou),出(chu)爐空冷,回(hui)(hui)火(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)爐。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)及回(hui)(hui)火(huo)工藝圖(tu)(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)5:
后序處理
將(jiang)熱處(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)零(ling)件放在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)機的(de)(de)轉盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)處(chu)理(li),選用(yong)石英砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)粒(li)度(du)為10-20目(mu),在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程中要經常翻動(dong)零(ling)件使(shi)各(ge)面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)完后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)防(fang)銹液中浸泡(pao)2-4min后(hou)(hou),在(zai)(zai)空氣中干 燥。需要注意的(de)(de)是,防(fang)銹處(chu)理(li)必須在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)后(hou)(hou)24小(xiao)時內完成。
效果(guo)
上述方法簡單實(shi)用(yong),不(bu)需要(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)裝備即可(ke)實(shi)現直(zhi)齒錐齒輪的加工(gong)(gong),且(qie)經(jing)濟性好,成本較低(di)。經(jing)對 加工(gong)(gong)后的錐齒輪進行(xing)檢(jian)測,尺(chi)寸(cun)及形位精度(du)均符合要(yao)求,滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織(zhi)為(wei) 單一的板條狀回火(huo)馬氏體組織(zhi),硬度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可(ke)以滿足該零件的質 量要(yao)求。