東莞市銳鑫機電有限(xian)公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具(ju)選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)結構(gou)和技術參(can)數可知(zhi),該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結構(gou),一般(ban)情況(kuang)下,標準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian)(xian) 刀的(de)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)是(shi)按(an)大端(duan)背錐(zhui)當(dang)量(liang)漸開線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計(ji)(ji)(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)小端(duan)設計(ji)(ji)(ji),并(bing)考慮(lv)留(liu)有(you)(you)一定精切余量(liang)。一 般(ban)情況(kuang)下直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian)(xian)刀有(you)(you)3把、8把、15把、26把一套,刀號應按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)下式計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan):
熱處理工藝(yi)方法(fa)及(ji)過程
如前文所述(shu),機加工(gong)前對齒坯(pi)進行整體高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)正(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)火設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐(lu)(lu)(lu),具體工(gong)藝(yi)過程是,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)裝爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將(jiang)齒輪(lun)放(fang) 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)中,裝零件時(shi)如果需(xu)要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度(du)不(bu)要(yao)超過兩(liang)層,然后將(jiang)零件加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織(zhi)完全發生相變,保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正(zheng)火工(gong)藝(yi):
由于該(gai)齒輪精(jing)度要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)高,為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)工(gong)藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)將零件(jian)裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要(yao)疊加,爐溫(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始(shi)滴(di)航空煤油,煤油滴(di)速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐溫(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時零件(jian)開(kai)始(shi)裝爐。排氣(qi)期結束(shu)后(hou),放(fang)入(ru)兩只試棒,其中一只試棒在(zai)擴散時間為(wei)(wei)120 min時取出淬(cui)油冷(leng)卻并檢驗(yan)淬(cui)硬層(ceng)深(shen)度,根據檢驗(yan)結果(guo)決定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否降溫(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度不(bu)足(zu),擴散期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)按照表1規(gui)定(ding)(ding)參數(shu)進(jin)行(xing),為(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度,可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐中加裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan) 器的(de)方法進(jin)行(xing)監測和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan)器通過(guo)氧(yang)化鋯探(tan)頭,將氣(qi)氛狀態(tai)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)電勢差,上述差值通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較(jiao)和(he)(he)計算,確(que)定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃度是(shi)否合適并對其進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)動優化和(he)(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)度可(ke)以(yi)達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度并提高滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang),確(que)保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結束(shu)后(hou),零件(jian)出爐直接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)油,介質(zhi)溫(wen)度恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou),出爐空冷(leng)。
為消除淬火(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)零(ling)(ling)件的殘余(yu)應力并防止(zhi)淬火(huo)裂紋的產生,應盡快將(jiang)淬火(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的零(ling)(ling)件進行(xing)低溫回火(huo)處(chu)理(li),具體工藝(yi)方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)(lu)溫升至160℃左右時零(ling)(ling) 件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou)(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空冷,回火(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬火(huo)及回火(huo)工藝(yi)圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)5:
后序處(chu)理(li)
將熱處理(li)后的零件(jian)放在噴砂(sha)(sha)機的轉盤上進(jin)行噴砂(sha)(sha)處理(li),選用石英(ying)砂(sha)(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在噴砂(sha)(sha)過 程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要經常翻動零件(jian)使各面噴砂(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零件(jian)噴砂(sha)(sha)完(wan)后,放入(ru)防銹液中(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在空氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)干(gan) 燥。需(xu)要注意的是(shi),防銹處理(li)必須在噴砂(sha)(sha)后24小時內完(wan)成。
效果
上述(shu)方(fang)法簡單實用,不需要專用裝備即(ji)可實現直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的加工(gong),且經(jing)濟性(xing)好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加工(gong)后的錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)進行檢測,尺寸及形位精度(du)均(jun)符合要求(qiu),滲(shen)碳層深度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金相組(zu)織為 單一的板條狀回火(huo)馬氏體組(zu)織,硬度(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以滿(man)足該零件的質(zhi) 量要求(qiu)。