隨著現代工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)起，以混凝(ning)土(tu)為主(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設方式已(yi)經成為了建(jian)筑業(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要構造之一(yi)，在各(ge)種工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設中(zhong)占據(ju)了很大的(de)(de)(de)比例，使得(de)混凝(ning)土(tu)機(ji)械的(de)(de)(de)發展經久不(bu)衰，且有越演越烈的(de)(de)(de)形勢。拖(tuo)式混凝(ning)土(tu)泵(beng)(beng)，簡稱拖(tuo)泵(beng)(beng)，是各(ge)種混凝(ning)土(tu)機(ji)械中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種，用于混凝(ning)土(tu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)送和澆注工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。

拖泵分類選型

37千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)（目(mu)前國內標準混凝(ning)土泵(beng)，37千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)以下為(wei)細(xi)石砂漿(jiang)泵(beng)）、45千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、55千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、75千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、90千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、110千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、130千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)（柴油）、132千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)、162千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)（柴油）、174千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)（柴油）等(deng)。

選(xuan)擇多(duo)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土泵(beng)，首先要考慮(lv)變(bian)壓器容量，其次考慮(lv)距離混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土泵(beng)的遠近(jin)和線(xian)徑大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)，以免(mian)壓降過大(da)(da)(da)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)流(liu)增高(gao)或跳閘停(ting)機(ji)(ji)，過大(da)(da)(da)功率造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本增加和使用不便。電(dian)機(ji)(ji)過小(xiao)，同時也滿足(zu)不了工程需要。

混(hun)凝土(tu)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)泵功率、混(hun)凝土(tu)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)泵出(chu)口壓力、混(hun)凝土(tu)輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)泵輸(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)量(liang)之間的關系

一臺混(hun)凝土輸(shu)送泵的電機功(gong)(gong)率是決定出(chu)口壓(ya)力(li)和輸(shu)送方量的前(qian)提條(tiao)件(jian)，在(zai)電機功(gong)(gong)率一定的情況下，壓(ya)力(li)的升(sheng)高必將使輸(shu)送量降低；相(xiang)反，降低出(chu)口壓(ya)力(li)，將會(hui)使輸(shu)送量增加。

為了保證混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)輸(shu)(shu)送泵既(ji)要(yao)有(you)較大(da)輸(shu)(shu)送量，又能(neng)有(you)一定的(de)出口(kou)壓(ya)力(li)和與(yu)之相(xiang)匹(pi)配的(de)經濟功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，在混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)輸(shu)(shu)送泵的(de)設計中(zhong)，大(da)都采用了恒(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)柱塞泵；即恒(heng)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)值選定后(hou)，當出口(kou)壓(ya)力(li)升高時，油泵輸(shu)(shu)出排量會自動(dong)降(jiang)低，達到(dao)與(yu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)設計相(xiang)對應的(de)值；如果既(ji)要(yao)達到(dao)出口(kou)壓(ya)力(li)高，又想得到(dao)輸(shu)(shu)送量大(da)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。惟一的(de)途徑(jing)就(jiu)是增加電機功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。

因此(ci)，在(zai)國家(jia)新標準中，引用了混凝(ning)土(tu)輸送(song)泵的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)指(zhi)數概念(nian)（以MPa·m3/h為度(du)量(liang)單位）；即混凝(ning)土(tu)輸送(song)泵的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)出口壓(ya)力(li)與每小時(shi)實(shi)際(ji)輸送(song)量(liang)之乘積，該值越大(da)，其(qi)能(neng)力(li)指(zhi)數也越大(da)，電機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)也將越大(da)，由此(ci)實(shi)現大(da)排量(liang)、高(gao)揚程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。科尼樂公司(si)在(zai)設計時(shi)，還(huan)采用了高(gao)低壓(ya)切換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)設計，以滿(man)足不同的(de)(de)(de)施工要求，在(zai)經濟狀態下，又(you)能(neng)產生(sheng)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)輸送(song)量(liang)，或者(zhe)以相同的(de)(de)(de)電機(ji)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，產生(sheng)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)出口壓(ya)力(li)。