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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵制作(zuo)工(gong)藝
刀具選(xuan)擇
從(cong)該齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)構和(he)技術(shu)參數(shu)(shu)可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標(biao)準結(jie)構,一(yi)般情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia),標(biao)準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)(an)大端(duan)(duan)背錐(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)量(liang)漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計,而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照小端(duan)(duan)設計,并考慮(lv)留有一(yi)定精切余(yu)量(liang)。一(yi) 般情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可(ke)按(an)(an)照下(xia)式計算:
熱(re)處理工藝方法及過程
如前(qian)文所述(shu),機加工前(qian)對齒(chi)(chi)坯進行整體高溫(wen)(wen)正火(huo)(huo)處(chu)理,正火(huo)(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工藝過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將齒(chi)(chi)輪放 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零(ling)件時(shi)如果需要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高度(du)不要超過(guo)兩(liang)層,然(ran)后將零(ling)件加熱(re)至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷(leng)即(ji)可。正火(huo)(huo)工藝:
由(you)于該(gai)齒(chi)輪精(jing)度(du)要(yao)求不是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)高(gao),為降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本(ben),可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)的工(gong)藝方法(fa),具 體方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將零件裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不要(yao)疊加(jia),爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始滴航空(kong)煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零件開(kai)始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排(pai)氣期(qi)結(jie)束后,放入(ru)兩只(zhi)試(shi)棒,其中一只(zhi)試(shi)棒在(zai)擴散(san)(san)時(shi)間為120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)(you)冷卻(que)并檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬層深度(du),根據檢驗(yan)結(jie)果決(jue)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不足(zu),擴散(san)(san)期(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)表1規定(ding)參數進行,為控制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中加(jia)裝氧(yang)傳感 器的方法(fa)進行監測和控制,氧(yang)傳感器通(tong)過(guo)氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉(zhuan)化為電勢差(cha),上述差(cha)值通(tong)過(guo)控制 系統(tong)的比較和計算,確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的濃度(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否合(he)適并對其進行自(zi)動優化和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控制精(jing)度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的質量,確保(bao)無塊狀(zhuang)、網(wang)狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)期(qi)結(jie)束后,零件出爐(lu)(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)設(she)備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽(cao),淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介質為專用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分(fen)級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you),介質溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)恒定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷卻(que)30min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空(kong)冷。
為消除淬火(huo)(huo)后零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的殘余應力并防止淬火(huo)(huo)裂紋的產生,應盡(jin)快(kuai)將淬火(huo)(huo)后的零(ling)(ling)件(jian)進行低(di)溫回(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理,具體(ti)工(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)法是在(zai)當(dang)爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)160℃左右時零(ling)(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐(lu),保(bao)溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝(yi)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)理后的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)放在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)(de)轉盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理,選(xuan)用石(shi)英(ying)砂(sha)的(de)(de)粒度(du)為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程中要經常(chang)翻動零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)完后,放入防(fang)銹液中浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中干 燥。需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)是,防(fang)銹處(chu)理必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)后24小時內(nei)完成。
效果
上述方法簡單實(shi)用(yong),不需要專用(yong)裝(zhuang)備即可實(shi)現直齒錐齒輪(lun)的(de)加(jia)工(gong),且經濟(ji)性(xing)好(hao),成本較低。經對 加(jia)工(gong)后的(de)錐齒輪(lun)進行檢(jian)測,尺(chi)寸(cun)及形位(wei)精度(du)(du)均(jun)符合(he)要求(qiu),滲(shen)碳層深度(du)(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相(xiang)組(zu)織為(wei) 單一的(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織,硬度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿足(zu)該零件的(de)質 量(liang)要求(qiu)。