東(dong)莞市銳鑫機電有(you)限公(gong)司
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地址:東莞市虎門鎮捷東南路(lu)9號
B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝(yi)
刀具(ju)選擇
從該齒(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技術參(can)數(shu)(shu)可(ke)知(zhi),該錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)屬于標(biao)準結構,一(yi)般情況下(xia),標(biao)準直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形銑 刀的齒(chi)形是按(an)大端背錐(zhui)當(dang)(dang)量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)形設(she)(she)計,而(er)齒(chi)厚則按(an)照小端設(she)(she)計,并(bing)考慮留有一(yi)定精切余量(liang)。一(yi) 般情況下(xia)直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形銑刀有3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)套,刀號(hao)應按(an)照錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇(ze)。當(dang)(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可(ke)按(an)照下(xia)式計算:
熱處(chu)理工(gong)藝方法及過(guo)程
如前文所述(shu),機加工前對齒(chi)坯(pi)進(jin)行整體高(gao)溫正火(huo)處(chu)理,正火(huo)設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式(shi)爐(lu),具體工藝(yi)過(guo)程是(shi),爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將齒(chi)輪放 爐(lu)中,裝零(ling)件時(shi)如果需要疊放,疊放高(gao)度(du)不要超過(guo)兩層,然后(hou)將零(ling)件加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織(zhi)完全發(fa)生(sheng)相變,保溫30-50分鐘(zhong)后(hou),空冷即(ji)可。正火(huo)工藝(yi):
由(you)于(yu)該齒輪精度要(yao)求不是很高,為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)的工藝方(fang)法,具 體方(fang)法是將(jiang)零件裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong),不要(yao)疊加,爐(lu)溫升(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始(shi)(shi)滴(di)航空煤油,煤油滴(di)速(su)為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫升(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)零件開(kai)始(shi)(shi)裝爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),放(fang)入(ru)兩只試棒,其中(zhong)一(yi)只試棒在擴散時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)油冷卻(que)并檢驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深度,根據檢驗結(jie)果決(jue)定(ding)是否降(jiang)溫,若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度不足,擴散期延(yan)長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)表1規(gui)定(ding)參數(shu)進(jin)行(xing),為(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度,可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧傳感 器的方(fang)法進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)和控(kong)(kong)(kong)制,氧傳感器通過(guo)氧化鋯探頭(tou),將(jiang)氣(qi)氛狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉化為(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)差,上(shang)述差值通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制 系統的比較和計(ji)算,確(que)(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的濃度是否合適并對其進(jin)行(xing)自動(dong)優化和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制精度可(ke)(ke)以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有(you)效(xiao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度并提(ti)高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的質(zhi)量,確(que)(que)保無塊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),零件出(chu)爐(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備選用(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒溫油槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)溫分級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)油,介質(zhi)溫度恒定(ding)在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷卻(que)30min后(hou)(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空冷。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)后零(ling)件的殘余應力并(bing)防止淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)裂紋(wen)的產(chan)生,應盡(jin)快將淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)后的零(ling)件進行低(di)溫(wen)(wen)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)處理(li),具體(ti)工(gong)藝方(fang)法是在當(dang)爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至160℃左右時(shi)零(ling) 件開始(shi)裝爐(lu)(lu),保溫(wen)(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)及(ji)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝圖見圖5:
后序(xu)處理
將(jiang)熱處理(li)后的零件放在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機的轉盤(pan)上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處理(li),選用石英砂(sha)(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程中要(yao)經常翻動零件使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果均勻(yun)。零件噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完后,放入防(fang)銹(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣中干 燥。需要(yao)注意的是,防(fang)銹(xiu)處理(li)必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后24小(xiao)時內完成(cheng)。
效(xiao)果
上述方法簡單實(shi)用(yong),不需要專用(yong)裝(zhuang)備即可實(shi)現直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪的加工(gong)(gong),且經濟性好,成本較(jiao)低。經對 加工(gong)(gong)后(hou)的錐齒(chi)輪進行檢(jian)測(ce),尺寸及形(xing)位精(jing)度均(jun)符合(he)要求,滲碳層深(shen)度為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相組織(zhi)為 單一的板條狀回火(huo)馬氏體組織(zhi),硬度為HRC58-62。心部硬度為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該(gai)零件的質 量(liang)要求。