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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作工(gong)藝(yi)
刀具選(xuan)擇
從該齒(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)構和技術參數(shu)(shu)(shu)可知,該錐齒(chi)輪(lun)屬于標(biao)準結(jie)構,一(yi)般情(qing)況下,標(biao)準直(zhi)齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)銑(xian)(xian) 刀的齒(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按(an)(an)大(da)端背(bei)錐當量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)形(xing)(xing)設(she)計,而(er)齒(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照小端設(she)計,并考慮留有一(yi)定精切(qie)余量(liang)。一(yi) 般情(qing)況下直(zhi)齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)銑(xian)(xian)刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀號應按(an)(an)照錐齒(chi)輪(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)來選擇。當 量(liang)齒(chi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)Zv可按(an)(an)照下式(shi)計算:
熱處(chu)理工藝方(fang)法及(ji)過程
如前文所述,機加工前對齒(chi)(chi)坯進(jin)行整體高溫(wen)正(zheng)火(huo)處理,正(zheng)火(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工藝(yi)過(guo)(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至裝爐(lu)溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將齒(chi)(chi)輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零件時如果需(xu)要疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度(du)不要超過(guo)(guo)兩(liang)層,然后將零件加熱至920-940℃,使(shi)組(zu)織(zhi)完全發生(sheng)相變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正(zheng)火(huo)工藝(yi):
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)要(yao)求不是很高,為(wei)降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)以采用滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)工藝(yi)方法,具 體方法是將零(ling)件裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不要(yao)疊(die)加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始滴航空煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時零(ling)件開始裝爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期結(jie)束后,放入兩只試棒,其中(zhong)一只試棒在擴(kuo)散(san)時間為(wei)120 min時取(qu)出淬(cui)油(you)(you)冷(leng)卻(que)并(bing)(bing)檢驗淬(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du),根據(ju)檢驗結(jie)果決定是否降溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)不足,擴(kuo)散(san)期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)按照(zhao)表(biao)1規定參數進行,為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)度(du)(du),可(ke)采用在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧傳(chuan)感 器(qi)的(de)(de)方法進行監測(ce)和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢(shi)差,上述差值通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)比(bi)較和計算,確(que)定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)是否合適并(bing)(bing)對(dui)其進行自動優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)可(ke)以達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)并(bing)(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)質(zhi)量,確(que)保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結(jie)束后,零(ling)件出爐(lu)直接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)設備選用專用恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)專用等溫(wen)(wen)分(fen)級淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you)(you),介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒(heng)定在110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻(que)30min后,出爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為(wei)消除(chu)淬(cui)(cui)火后(hou)零件的殘(can)余應力并防止淬(cui)(cui)火裂紋的產生(sheng),應盡快將(jiang)淬(cui)(cui)火后(hou)的零件進行低溫回火處理(li),具(ju)體工(gong)(gong)藝方法(fa)是在當爐溫升至160℃左右(you)時零 件開始裝(zhuang)爐,保(bao)溫120-150min后(hou),出爐空冷(leng),回火設(she)備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火爐。淬(cui)(cui)火及(ji)回火工(gong)(gong)藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將(jiang)熱處理后的(de)零件(jian)放在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉盤上(shang)進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處理,選用石英砂(sha)的(de)粒度為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)過(guo) 程中要(yao)經常翻(fan)動零件(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)效果均(jun)勻。零件(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)完后,放入防(fang)銹液中浸泡(pao)2-4min后,在(zai)空(kong)氣中干 燥。需(xu)要(yao)注意的(de)是,防(fang)銹處理必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)后24小(xiao)時內完成。
效果
上述(shu)方法簡單實(shi)用,不需要專用裝備即可(ke)實(shi)現直齒錐齒輪的(de)(de)加工,且經(jing)濟性好,成本較(jiao)低(di)。經(jing)對 加工后的(de)(de)錐齒輪進行檢測,尺寸及形位精度(du)均符合要求(qiu),滲碳層深(shen)度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織(zhi)為(wei) 單一的(de)(de)板條狀回火(huo)馬(ma)氏體組織(zhi),硬(ying)度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可(ke)以滿足(zu)該(gai)零件的(de)(de)質 量要求(qiu)。