東莞市銳鑫機電有(you)限(xian)公司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制(zhi)作工藝
刀具選(xuan)擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)構和技(ji)術參數可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于(yu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)結(jie)構,一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下,標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按(an)大端(duan)背錐(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)計,而(er)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按(an)照(zhao)小端(duan)設(she)計,并考慮留有(you)一(yi)定精切余(yu)量(liang)。一(yi) 般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形銑刀有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套(tao),刀號應按(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇(ze)。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按(an)照(zhao)下式(shi)計算(suan):
熱處理工藝方法(fa)及過程
如前文所(suo)述,機加(jia)工(gong)前對齒(chi)坯進(jin)行整體高溫正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工(gong)藝過程(cheng)是,爐溫升至裝爐溫度(du)400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放(fang)(fang) 爐中,裝零(ling)件時如果需(xu)要疊放(fang)(fang),疊放(fang)(fang)高度(du)不要超過兩(liang)層,然后(hou)(hou)將零(ling)件加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組織完全(quan)發(fa)生相變,保溫30-50分鐘后(hou)(hou),空冷即可。正火工(gong)藝:
由于該齒輪(lun)精度(du)要求不(bu)(bu)是很高(gao),為降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)成本,可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)的(de)工藝方(fang)法(fa),具 體方(fang)法(fa)是將(jiang)零件裝入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開(kai)始(shi)滴(di)航(hang)空煤(mei)油(you)(you)(you),煤(mei)油(you)(you)(you)滴(di)速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時(shi)(shi)零件開(kai)始(shi)裝爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。排氣期結束(shu)后(hou),放入兩只試棒,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一只試棒在(zai)擴散(san)時(shi)(shi)間為120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬(cui)油(you)(you)(you)冷(leng)(leng)卻并檢驗(yan)淬(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du),根據檢驗(yan)結果決(jue)定(ding)是否降溫(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),擴散(san)期延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)按(an)照表1規定(ding)參數進行(xing),為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)(nong)度(du),可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加裝氧傳感 器(qi)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)進行(xing)監測和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感器(qi)通過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將(jiang)氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為電勢(shi)差(cha),上述差(cha)值(zhi)通過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和(he)計算,確(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)是否合適(shi)并對其(qi)進行(xing)自動優化(hua)和(he)調整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質量,確(que)保(bao)無塊狀、網(wang)狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備采 用(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結束(shu)后(hou),零件出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)設(she)備選用(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)油(you)(you)(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)(jie)質為專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you)(you),介(jie)(jie)質溫(wen)度(du)恒定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)(leng)卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)空冷(leng)(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后零件的殘余應(ying)力(li)并防(fang)止(zhi)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)裂紋的產生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后的零件進(jin)行低溫(wen)(wen)回火(huo)處理(li),具體工藝(yi)方(fang)法(fa)是在當爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至160℃左右(you)時零 件開(kai)始(shi)裝爐(lu),保溫(wen)(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)空(kong)冷,回火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)及回火(huo)工藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱(re)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)的(de)零件放在(zai)噴(pen)砂機(ji)的(de)轉盤上(shang)進(jin)行噴(pen)砂處(chu)理(li),選用石英砂的(de)粒(li)度為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂過 程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)經常翻動零件使各面噴(pen)砂效果均勻。零件噴(pen)砂完(wan)(wan)后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)防(fang)銹(xiu)(xiu)液中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在(zai)空氣中(zhong)(zhong)干 燥。需要(yao)注意的(de)是,防(fang)銹(xiu)(xiu)處(chu)理(li)必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂后(hou)(hou)24小時(shi)內完(wan)(wan)成。
效果
上述方法簡單(dan)實用,不需要(yao)(yao)專用裝備即可實現直齒錐齒輪(lun)的加工,且經濟性好(hao),成本較低。經對 加工后(hou)的錐齒輪(lun)進行(xing)檢測,尺寸及(ji)形位精度(du)(du)均符合要(yao)(yao)求,滲碳層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組(zu)織為(wei) 單(dan)一的板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織,硬度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以滿足(zu)該零件(jian)的質 量要(yao)(yao)求。