東莞市銳鑫機電有限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵制作工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)構和技術參(can)數可知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結(jie)構,一般情(qing)況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)(an)大端(duan)背(bei)錐(zhui)(zhui)當量(liang)漸開線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計(ji),而(er)齒(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按(an)(an)照小端(duan)設計(ji),并考(kao)慮留(liu)有一定(ding)精切(qie)余量(liang)。一 般情(qing)況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑刀有3把、8把、15把、26把一套,刀號應(ying)按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數來選(xuan)擇。當 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)(an)照下式計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝(yi)方(fang)法及(ji)過程(cheng)
如(ru)前(qian)文所述,機加工(gong)前(qian)對齒坯進行整體高溫(wen)正(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)火設備(bei)為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu)(lu),具體工(gong)藝(yi)過程(cheng)是,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至裝爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放 爐(lu)(lu)中,裝零件時如(ru)果需要疊放,疊放高度不要超過兩層,然(ran)后(hou)將(jiang)零件加熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變(bian),保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可。正(zheng)火工(gong)藝(yi):
由于(yu)該齒輪精度(du)要求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)是很高,為降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)以采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接(jie)淬火(huo)(huo)的工藝方(fang)法,具 體方(fang)法是將零件(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)要疊(die)加(jia),爐溫(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開(kai)始滴(di)航空(kong)煤油(you),煤油(you)滴(di)速為60-80d/min, 爐溫(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開(kai)始裝爐。排氣(qi)期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),放入兩(liang)只(zhi)試棒(bang),其中(zhong)一只(zhi)試棒(bang)在(zai)(zai)擴散(san)時(shi)間為120 min時(shi)取出淬油(you)冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢(jian)驗(yan)淬硬層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度(du),根據檢(jian)驗(yan)結(jie)果決定(ding)是否(fou)降溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度(du)不(bu)(bu)足,擴散(san)期延(yan)長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定(ding)參數進行(xing),為控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)濃度(du),可(ke)采用(yong)在(zai)(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐中(zhong)加(jia)裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan) 器(qi)的方(fang)法進行(xing)監測和控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)通過氧(yang)化鋯(gao)探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉化為電勢(shi)(shi)差(cha),上(shang)述(shu)差(cha)值通過控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的比(bi)較和計(ji)算,確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)的濃度(du)是否(fou)合適并(bing)對其進行(xing)自動優化和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)以達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的質量,確保無塊狀(zhuang)、網(wang)狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備(bei)采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),零件(jian)出爐直接(jie)淬火(huo)(huo)。淬火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)選用(yong)專用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬 火(huo)(huo)介質為專用(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬火(huo)(huo)油(you),介質溫(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐空(kong)冷(leng)。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件的(de)殘余應(ying)力(li)并(bing)防止淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)的(de)零(ling)件進行低(di)溫回(hui)(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理,具體工藝(yi)方法(fa)是(shi)在當(dang)爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)160℃左右時零(ling) 件開(kai)始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷(leng),回(hui)(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)(hui)(hui)火(huo)(huo)工藝(yi)圖(tu)(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)5:
后序處理(li)
將熱處理后的零(ling)件放在噴(pen)砂(sha)機(ji)的轉(zhuan)盤上進(jin)行(xing)噴(pen)砂(sha)處理,選用石英砂(sha)的粒度(du)為10-20目,在噴(pen)砂(sha)過(guo) 程(cheng)中(zhong)要經常翻(fan)動零(ling)件使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)效果(guo)均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)砂(sha)完后,放入(ru)防銹(xiu)液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后,在空氣中(zhong)干 燥(zao)。需要注意的是,防銹(xiu)處理必須在噴(pen)砂(sha)后24小時內完成。
效果
上(shang)述方法簡單(dan)實(shi)用,不需(xu)要(yao)專用裝備即可實(shi)現直齒錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)的加工(gong),且經(jing)濟性好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加工(gong)后的錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)進行檢測(ce),尺寸及形位精度(du)(du)均符(fu)合要(yao)求,滲碳層深(shen)度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部金(jin)相組(zu)織為 單(dan)一的板(ban)條狀回火馬(ma)氏(shi)體(ti)組(zu)織,硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該零件的質 量要(yao)求。