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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作(zuo)工藝(yi)
刀(dao)具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的結(jie)構(gou)(gou)和技術參數可知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標(biao)準結(jie)構(gou)(gou),一(yi)(yi)般情況下(xia),標(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)大端(duan)背錐當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)照小端(duan)設(she)計,并考慮(lv)留有一(yi)(yi)定精(jing)切余量。一(yi)(yi) 般情況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)銑刀有3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀號(hao)應(ying)按(an)照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)照下(xia)式計算(suan):
熱(re)處理工藝方法及過程
如前文所述(shu),機(ji)加工(gong)前對齒坯進(jin)行整體高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)正火(huo)處理,正火(huo)設備(bei)為RT-90-9 箱式(shi)爐,具體工(gong)藝(yi)過程是,爐溫(wen)(wen)升至裝爐溫(wen)(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放 爐中(zhong),裝零件時如果需要(yao)(yao)疊(die)放,疊(die)放高(gao)度(du)不要(yao)(yao)超過兩層(ceng),然后(hou)將(jiang)零件加熱至920-940℃,使組織(zhi)完全(quan)發(fa)生相變(bian),保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空(kong)冷(leng)即可。正火(huo)工(gong)藝(yi):
由于該齒(chi)輪(lun)精度(du)(du)要求不(bu)(bu)是很高(gao),為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)成本,可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)的工藝(yi)方法(fa)(fa),具 體方法(fa)(fa)是將零(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始滴航空煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時零(ling)件(jian)開(kai)始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期(qi)結束后,放入兩只試(shi)(shi)棒(bang),其中一(yi)只試(shi)(shi)棒(bang)在擴(kuo)散(san)時間為(wei)(wei)120 min時取出淬(cui)油(you)(you)冷(leng)(leng)卻并(bing)檢驗淬(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du),根據檢驗結果決定(ding)是否降(jiang)溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)足,擴(kuo)散(san)期(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時可按照表1規定(ding)參數(shu)進行,為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)度(du)(du),可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加裝(zhuang)氧傳感 器的方法(fa)(fa)進行監測和控(kong)制,氧傳感器通過氧化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉化為(wei)(wei)電(dian)勢差,上述差值通過控(kong)制 系統(tong)的比較和計算,確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的濃(nong)度(du)(du)是否合適并(bing)對其進行自動優化和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制精度(du)(du)可以(yi)(yi)達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可有效控(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)并(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的質(zhi)量(liang),確保無塊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期(qi)結束后,零(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)設(she)備選用(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分(fen)級淬(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you),介(jie)質(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)恒(heng)定(ding)在110-120℃之間,冷(leng)(leng)卻30min后,出爐(lu)空冷(leng)(leng)。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零件的(de)殘余(yu)應(ying)力并防止淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)裂紋的(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的(de)零件進行低溫(wen)回火(huo)處理,具體工藝(yi)方(fang)法(fa)是在當爐溫(wen)升至160℃左右時零 件開始裝爐,保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐空冷,回火(huo)設備(bei)為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)及回火(huo)工藝(yi)圖見(jian)圖5:
后序(xu)處理(li)
將熱(re)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)的(de)零(ling)件放在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉(zhuan)盤上進行(xing)噴(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理(li),選用石(shi)英砂(sha)的(de)粒(li)度為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)經常翻(fan)動零(ling)件使各(ge)面噴(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)砂(sha)完后(hou),放入(ru)防銹(xiu)液中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)干 燥。需要(yao)注意(yi)的(de)是,防銹(xiu)處(chu)理(li)必須(xu)在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)24小(xiao)時內完成。
效果
上述(shu)方法簡單實用,不(bu)需要(yao)專用裝備即可實現直齒錐齒輪(lun)的(de)加工,且經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加工后的(de)錐齒輪(lun)進(jin)行檢(jian)測,尺寸及形位(wei)精度(du)(du)均符(fu)合要(yao)求,滲碳(tan)層深度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部金(jin)相組織(zhi)為 單一(yi)的(de)板(ban)條狀回火馬氏體(ti)組織(zhi),硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心(xin)部硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該(gai)零件的(de)質(zhi) 量(liang)要(yao)求。