東莞市銳鑫機電(dian)有(you)限公(gong)司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具選擇(ze)
從(cong)該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)結(jie)構和技術參(can)數可知,該(gai)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結(jie)構,一(yi)般情(qing)況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是(shi)按大端背錐當量漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計(ji)(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照小端設計(ji)(ji),并考慮留(liu)有一(yi)定精切余(yu)量。一(yi) 般情(qing)況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形(xing)銑刀(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)套,刀(dao)號應(ying)按照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照下式(shi)計(ji)(ji)算(suan):
熱處(chu)理工藝(yi)方法(fa)及過(guo)程
如前(qian)文所述(shu),機加(jia)工(gong)前(qian)對齒(chi)坯進行整體高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工(gong)藝過程是,爐溫(wen)(wen)升至裝(zhuang)爐溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝(zhuang)零件(jian)時如果需要疊放,疊放高(gao)度不要超過兩層,然后將零件(jian)加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使(shi)組織完(wan)全發(fa)生相變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即可。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)火工(gong)藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)高(gao),為降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本(ben),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的工藝方(fang)法(fa)(fa),具 體方(fang)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)將零件(jian)(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)筐中,不(bu)要疊加(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始(shi)滴航空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零件(jian)(jian)開始(shi)裝爐(lu)。排氣期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),放入兩(liang)只(zhi)試棒,其(qi)中一只(zhi)試棒在(zai)擴(kuo)散(san)時(shi)間為120 min時(shi)取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻并(bing)(bing)檢驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根據檢驗結(jie)果決定是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不(bu)足,擴(kuo)散(san)期延長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)表(biao)1規定參(can)數進行(xing)(xing),為控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)的碳(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du),可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)中加(jia)裝氧傳(chuan)感 器的方(fang)法(fa)(fa)進行(xing)(xing)監測和控制(zhi)(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感器通(tong)過氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣氛狀態(tai)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為電勢(shi)差,上述差值通(tong)過控制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的比較和計算,確定碳(tan)勢(shi)的濃度(du)是(shi)否合(he)適并(bing)(bing)對(dui)其(qi)進行(xing)(xing)自動優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)勢(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并(bing)(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的質(zhi)(zhi)量,確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),零件(jian)(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)設備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)(zhi)為專用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you),介質(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恒定在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的殘(can)余(yu)應力并防止淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)裂紋的產(chan)生,應盡快將淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)(jian)進行(xing)低溫(wen)回(hui)(hui)火(huo)處理,具體工(gong)藝(yi)方法是在(zai)當(dang)爐溫(wen)升至160℃左右時(shi)零(ling) 件(jian)(jian)開(kai)始裝爐,保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐空冷,回(hui)(hui)火(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)爐。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)及回(hui)(hui)火(huo)工(gong)藝(yi)圖見(jian)圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)理后的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)放在噴(pen)(pen)砂機的(de)(de)轉盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂處(chu)理,選用石英砂的(de)(de)粒度為(wei)10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)砂過 程(cheng)中要經常翻動零(ling)件(jian)(jian)使各面噴(pen)(pen)砂效(xiao)果均勻(yun)。零(ling)件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)(pen)砂完(wan)后,放入防(fang)銹(xiu)液(ye)中浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在空(kong)氣中干(gan) 燥。需要注意的(de)(de)是(shi),防(fang)銹(xiu)處(chu)理必(bi)須在噴(pen)(pen)砂后24小時(shi)內完(wan)成。
效果(guo)
上述(shu)方法簡單實用,不需(xu)要專用裝備即可實現直齒錐(zhui)齒輪的加工,且經(jing)(jing)濟性好,成本較低。經(jing)(jing)對 加工后(hou)的錐(zhui)齒輪進行檢測,尺(chi)寸及形位精度均符(fu)合要求,滲碳層深度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相(xiang)組織(zhi)為(wei) 單一的板條狀回(hui)火馬氏(shi)體組織(zhi),硬度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該零件的質 量要求。