東莞市銳(rui)鑫機(ji)電有(you)限公司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝
刀(dao)具(ju)選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的結構和技術參(can)數可知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)屬于標準結構,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般情況下,標準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成(cheng)形銑 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按大端(duan)背錐當(dang)量(liang)漸開(kai)線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照小端(duan)設(she)計(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定精切余量(liang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi) 般情況下直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成(cheng)形銑刀(dao)有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao),刀(dao)號應按照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來(lai)選(xuan)擇。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照下式(shi)計(ji)算(suan):
熱處理工藝方法及(ji)過程
如(ru)前文所述,機加(jia)工(gong)前對齒坯進行(xing)整體高溫(wen)(wen)正火(huo)處理,正火(huo)設備(bei)為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具(ju)體工(gong)藝(yi)過程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至裝爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時(shi),將齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零件時(shi)如(ru)果(guo)需要疊(die)放(fang),疊(die)放(fang)高度不要超過兩層,然后(hou)將零件加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使(shi)組織完全發生相變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即(ji)可。正火(huo)工(gong)藝(yi):
由于該齒輪精度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)不是很高(gao),為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火成本,可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火的(de)(de)工(gong)藝方法,具 體(ti)方法是將(jiang)零(ling)件裝(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong)(zhong),不要(yao)疊(die)加(jia),爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始(shi)滴(di)航空煤油,煤油滴(di)速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)零(ling)件開始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)。排氣期(qi)結(jie)(jie)束后,放(fang)入(ru)兩只試棒(bang),其中(zhong)(zhong)一只試棒(bang)在擴(kuo)散(san)(san)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)油冷卻并(bing)檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根(gen)據檢驗(yan)結(jie)(jie)果決定(ding)(ding)(ding)是否降(jiang)溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不足,擴(kuo)散(san)(san)期(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照表1規定(ding)(ding)(ding)參數進行(xing),為(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)度(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)裝(zhuang)氧傳感 器(qi)的(de)(de)方法進行(xing)監測和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)制,氧傳感器(qi)通過氧化(hua)鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)差,上(shang)述差值通過控(kong)(kong)制 系統的(de)(de)比較(jiao)和(he)(he)計算,確定(ding)(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)是否合(he)適并(bing)對(dui)其進行(xing)自動優化(hua)和(he)(he)調(diao)整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)制精度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)質量,確保無(wu)塊(kuai)狀、網(wang)狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期(qi)結(jie)(jie)束后,零(ling)件出爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)火設備選(xuan)用(yong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火介質為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火油,介質溫(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)在110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻30min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空冷。
為(wei)消除淬火(huo)后零件(jian)的(de)殘余應力并防止淬火(huo)裂紋(wen)的(de)產生(sheng),應盡快(kuai)將淬火(huo)后的(de)零件(jian)進行低(di)溫回(hui)火(huo)處理(li),具體工(gong)藝方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)在當爐(lu)溫升至160℃左右時零 件(jian)開(kai)始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)設備(bei)為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工(gong)藝圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)5:
后序(xu)處理
將熱處(chu)理后的(de)(de)零件放在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉盤(pan)上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處(chu)理,選用(yong)石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)粒度為10-20目(mu),在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經常翻動零件使各面噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果均(jun)勻(yun)。零件噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完后,放入防(fang)銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)(zai)空氣中(zhong)干(gan) 燥。需(xu)要注意的(de)(de)是,防(fang)銹處(chu)理必須在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后24小時(shi)內完成。
效(xiao)果
上述(shu)方法(fa)簡單實用,不(bu)需要專用裝備(bei)即可實現直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪的(de)加工(gong)(gong),且經(jing)濟性好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加工(gong)(gong)后的(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪進行檢測(ce),尺(chi)寸(cun)及(ji)形位(wei)精度均符合要求,滲碳層深度為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金相(xiang)組織為 單一的(de)板條(tiao)狀回(hui)火馬(ma)氏體組織,硬(ying)度為HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該零(ling)件的(de)質 量(liang)要求。