東莞市(shi)銳(rui)鑫機(ji)電(dian)有限公司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵制作(zuo)工藝(yi)
刀(dao)具選(xuan)擇
從(cong)該齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技術參(can)數(shu)可知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結構,一般(ban)情況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)銑 刀(dao)(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按大(da)端背錐當(dang)量(liang)漸開線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按照(zhao)小端設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji),并考慮留有一定精(jing)切(qie)余量(liang)。一 般(ban)情況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)銑刀(dao)(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一套,刀(dao)(dao)號應(ying)按照(zhao)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可按照(zhao)下式(shi)計(ji)(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如(ru)前(qian)文(wen)所(suo)述,機加工(gong)前(qian)對齒(chi)坯進行(xing)整體高溫(wen)(wen)正(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)火設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將(jiang)齒(chi)輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中(zhong),裝零(ling)件時(shi)如(ru)果需(xu)要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度(du)不要(yao)超(chao)過(guo)兩層,然后將(jiang)零(ling)件加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完(wan)全發生相變,保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即(ji)可(ke)。正(zheng)火工(gong)藝(yi):
由于該齒輪精度要(yao)求不(bu)是(shi)(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)成(cheng)本,可以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)工藝方(fang)法(fa),具 體方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)將零(ling)件(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)要(yao)疊(die)加(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始滴航空煤油(you)(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零(ling)件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期結(jie)(jie)束(shu)后(hou),放入兩只(zhi)試(shi)(shi)棒,其中(zhong)(zhong)一只(zhi)試(shi)(shi)棒在擴散時(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)油(you)(you)(you)冷卻并檢驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層深度,根據檢驗結(jie)(jie)果決(jue)定是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)降溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度不(bu)足,擴散期延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可按照(zhao)表1規定參數進(jin)行,為(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度,可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)裝氧(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)感 器的(de)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行監測和控制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)感器通過氧(yang)(yang)化鋯探(tan)頭(tou),將氣(qi)氛狀態轉化為(wei)(wei)電勢差,上述差值通過控制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃度是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)合適并對其進(jin)行自動優(you)化和調(diao)整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控制(zhi)(zhi)精度可以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可有效控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度并提(ti)高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質量,確保無塊(kuai)狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai)(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結(jie)(jie)束(shu)后(hou),零(ling)件(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介質為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you)(you),介質溫(wen)(wen)度恒(heng)定在110-120℃之間(jian)(jian),冷卻30min后(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空冷。
為消除(chu)淬火(huo)(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的殘余(yu)應(ying)力并防止(zhi)淬火(huo)(huo)裂(lie)紋的產生,應(ying)盡(jin)快將淬火(huo)(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)(jian)進(jin)行(xing)低溫(wen)回火(huo)(huo)處理(li),具體(ti)工藝方法是在當爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左(zuo)右時零(ling) 件(jian)(jian)開(kai)始裝爐(lu)(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空(kong)冷(leng),回火(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬火(huo)(huo)及(ji)回火(huo)(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后(hou)序處理
將熱處理(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的零件放(fang)在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)的轉(zhuan)盤上進(jin)行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處理(li),選用石英砂(sha)(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過(guo) 程中要經常翻動零件使各面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效(xiao)果均勻。零件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完(wan)后(hou)(hou)(hou),放(fang)入防銹液中浸(jin)泡2-4min后(hou)(hou)(hou),在空氣中干 燥。需要注意的是,防銹處理(li)必須在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后(hou)(hou)(hou)24小時(shi)內完(wan)成。
效果
上述方(fang)法簡單(dan)實用,不需要(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)用裝備(bei)即可實現直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪的(de)加(jia)工,且經濟性好(hao),成本較低。經對 加(jia)工后的(de)錐齒(chi)輪進行檢測,尺寸及(ji)形(xing)位精度(du)均符合要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),滲碳層(ceng)深度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相(xiang)組(zu)織(zhi)為 單(dan)一(yi)的(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織(zhi),硬度(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為HRC36-40,完全(quan)可以滿(man)足(zu)該零件(jian)的(de)質 量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。