東莞(guan)市銳鑫(xin)機電有限公(gong)司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作(zuo)工藝
刀具選擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)輪的(de)結構(gou)和技(ji)術參數(shu)可(ke)知,該(gai)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪屬于(yu)標(biao)準結構(gou),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)情況下(xia),標(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)銑 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)按(an)大(da)端(duan)(duan)背錐當(dang)(dang)量(liang)漸(jian)開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)設計(ji),而(er)齒(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按(an)照小(xiao)端(duan)(duan)設計(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)(yi)定精切余量(liang)。一(yi)(yi) 般(ban)(ban)情況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)銑刀(dao)有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)(yi)套(tao),刀(dao)號應按(an)照錐齒(chi)(chi)輪當(dang)(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)來(lai)選(xuan)擇。當(dang)(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)按(an)照下(xia)式計(ji)算:
熱(re)處(chu)理工藝方法及過程
如前(qian)文所述,機加工(gong)前(qian)對齒(chi)坯(pi)進(jin)行整體高(gao)溫(wen)正火(huo)處理,正火(huo)設備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式(shi)爐(lu),具體工(gong)藝過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至裝(zhuang)爐(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零件時如果需要(yao)(yao)疊(die)放,疊(die)放高(gao)度不要(yao)(yao)超過(guo)兩(liang)層,然(ran)后將零件加熱至920-940℃,使組織完(wan)全發生相變,保(bao)溫(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即可。正火(huo)工(gong)藝:
由于該齒(chi)輪精度(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很高(gao),為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)成(cheng)本,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)的(de)工(gong)藝方(fang)法,具 體方(fang)法是(shi)將零(ling)件(jian)裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至840℃開始滴(di)航空(kong)(kong)煤油,煤油滴(di)速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零(ling)件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣期(qi)(qi)結束(shu)后(hou),放入(ru)兩只試棒,其中(zhong)一只試棒在擴(kuo)散(san)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)油冷卻并(bing)檢驗淬(cui)硬層深度(du),根據檢驗結果(guo)決(jue)定(ding)是(shi)否降溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不(bu)足,擴(kuo)散(san)期(qi)(qi)延(yan)長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定(ding)參數進(jin)(jin)行,為(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du),可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)感 器的(de)方(fang)法進(jin)(jin)行監(jian)測和(he)控制(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器通(tong)過(guo)(guo)氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)態轉化為(wei)(wei)電(dian)勢(shi)差(cha),上述(shu)差(cha)值通(tong)過(guo)(guo)控制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和(he)計(ji)算,確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否合適并(bing)對其進(jin)(jin)行自動優化和(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控制(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質(zhi)量(liang),確保無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期(qi)(qi)結束(shu)后(hou),零(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)設備選用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)油槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)油,介質(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)恒定(ding)在110-120℃之間,冷卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空(kong)(kong)冷。
為消除淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件的殘余應力并防止淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)裂紋的產生,應盡快將淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)件進行(xing)低(di)溫回火(huo)處理,具體工藝(yi)方法(fa)是在當(dang)爐溫升(sheng)至160℃左右時(shi)零(ling) 件開始裝爐,保溫120-150min后(hou),出(chu)爐空冷,回火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)及回火(huo)工藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)(chu)理后的零件(jian)放在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)(chu)理,選用石(shi)英砂(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過 程中要經(jing)常(chang)翻動零件(jian)使各面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完后,放入防銹液中浸泡2-4min后,在空氣中干(gan) 燥。需要注意的是,防銹處(chu)(chu)理必須在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后24小時(shi)內(nei)完成。
效果
上述方法簡單實用(yong),不需要(yao)專用(yong)裝備即可實現直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong),且經濟(ji)性好,成(cheng)本較(jiao)低。經對 加工(gong)(gong)后的(de)(de)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)進行檢測(ce),尺寸及(ji)形位(wei)精(jing)度(du)均符合(he)要(yao)求,滲碳層深(shen)度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金相組織(zhi)為 單一(yi)的(de)(de)板條狀回(hui)火(huo)馬氏體(ti)組織(zhi),硬度(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以(yi)滿足該零件的(de)(de)質 量要(yao)求。