東莞市銳鑫機電有(you)限公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制(zhi)作工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒輪(lun)的(de)結構和技(ji)術參數(shu)(shu)可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)屬于標準結構,一般情況(kuang)下(xia),標準直齒錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian) 刀的(de)齒形(xing)是按(an)(an)大端(duan)背(bei)錐(zhui)當量漸開線齒形(xing)設計(ji),而齒厚則按(an)(an)照小端(duan)設計(ji),并考慮留有一定精(jing)切余量。一 般情況(kuang)下(xia)直齒錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian)刀有3把(ba)(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)(ba)一套,刀號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)齒輪(lun)當量齒數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當 量齒數(shu)(shu)Zv可(ke)按(an)(an)照下(xia)式計(ji)算:
熱(re)處理工藝方法及(ji)過(guo)程
如前(qian)文所述,機加工前(qian)對齒坯(pi)進行整體高溫(wen)正(zheng)火(huo)處理,正(zheng)火(huo)設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工藝過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至裝(zhuang)爐(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒輪(lun)放 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零件時如果需要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高度不要超過(guo)兩層(ceng),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)將零件加熱(re)至920-940℃,使(shi)組織完(wan)全發生(sheng)相變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou)(hou),空(kong)冷即可。正(zheng)火(huo)工藝:
由(you)于該(gai)齒(chi)輪精度(du)(du)要求不(bu)(bu)是很(hen)高(gao),為(wei)降低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火成本(ben),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接淬(cui)(cui)火的工藝方法,具(ju) 體方法是將零(ling)(ling)件裝入滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)要疊(die)加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至840℃開始滴航(hang)空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升至930℃時零(ling)(ling)件開始裝爐(lu)。排氣期結束后(hou),放入兩只(zhi)(zhi)試棒,其中(zhong)一(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)試棒在擴散時間(jian)為(wei)120 min時取出(chu)(chu)淬(cui)(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻(que)并檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬層深度(du)(du),根據檢驗(yan)結果決定(ding)是否降溫(wen),若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)足,擴散期延(yan)長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)(ke)按照表1規定(ding)參數(shu)進行,為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧(yang)傳感 器的方法進行監(jian)測和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),氧(yang)傳感器通過氧(yang)化(hua)鋯探(tan)頭,將氣氛(fen)狀(zhuang)態轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢(shi)差(cha),上述差(cha)值通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系統的比(bi)較和計算,確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的濃度(du)(du)是否合適(shi)并對其進行自動優(you)化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的質量,確保無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結束后(hou),零(ling)(ling)件出(chu)(chu)爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)火設備選用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火介質為(wei)專用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火油(you),介質溫(wen)度(du)(du)恒定(ding)在110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻(que)30min后(hou),出(chu)(chu)爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為(wei)消(xiao)除淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件的殘余應力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂(lie)紋的產生(sheng),應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)件進行(xing)低溫回(hui)(hui)火(huo)處(chu)理,具體工(gong)藝方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)160℃左右時零(ling) 件開(kai)始裝(zhuang)爐(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷(leng),回(hui)(hui)火(huo)設備(bei)為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及回(hui)(hui)火(huo)工(gong)藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)理后(hou)的(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)放(fang)(fang)在噴(pen)砂機的(de)(de)轉盤上進行(xing)噴(pen)砂處(chu)理,選用石英砂的(de)(de)粒度為10-20目(mu),在噴(pen)砂過 程中(zhong)要(yao)經常翻動(dong)零件(jian)(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂效(xiao)果均勻。零件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)砂完后(hou),放(fang)(fang)入防銹(xiu)(xiu)液中(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后(hou),在空氣中(zhong)干 燥。需要(yao)注意的(de)(de)是,防銹(xiu)(xiu)處(chu)理必(bi)須在噴(pen)砂后(hou)24小(xiao)時內(nei)完成。
效果
上述方(fang)法簡單(dan)實用,不需要專(zhuan)用裝備即可實現直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong),且經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加(jia)工(gong)后(hou)的(de)(de)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)進行檢測,尺(chi)寸(cun)及(ji)形位精度均符合要求,滲碳層深度為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部(bu)金(jin)相組(zu)織(zhi)為 單(dan)一的(de)(de)板(ban)條狀回火馬(ma)氏體組(zu)織(zhi),硬度為HRC58-62。心(xin)部(bu)硬度為HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該(gai)零件的(de)(de)質(zhi) 量(liang)要求。