東莞市(shi)銳鑫機電有限公司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)結構和(he)技術參(can)數可知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結構,一(yi)(yi)般情況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)形是按(an)大端(duan)背錐(zhui)(zhui)當量漸開線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)照小端(duan)設(she)計,并(bing)考慮留有(you)一(yi)(yi)定精(jing)切(qie)余量。一(yi)(yi) 般情況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑刀(dao)有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可按(an)照下式(shi)計算(suan):
熱處理工藝方(fang)法及過程
如前文所(suo)述,機加工(gong)前對齒坯進行整(zheng)體高溫正(zheng)火處理,正(zheng)火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)是,爐(lu)溫升至裝爐(lu)溫度400-650℃時(shi),將齒輪(lun)放(fang)(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零(ling)件時(shi)如果需(xu)要疊放(fang)(fang),疊放(fang)(fang)高度不要超過(guo)兩層,然(ran)后將零(ling)件加熱(re)至920-940℃,使組織完全發生(sheng)相變,保溫30-50分鐘(zhong)后,空冷即可。正(zheng)火工(gong)藝(yi):
由(you)于(yu)該齒輪精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)要求不(bu)(bu)是(shi)很高(gao),為(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火成本,可以采用滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火的(de)工藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)將零件(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始滴航(hang)空煤油,煤油滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)(shi)零件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排(pai)氣期結束(shu)后(hou),放入兩只(zhi)試(shi)棒,其(qi)中一只(zhi)試(shi)棒在(zai)擴散時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取(qu)出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢驗淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du),根(gen)據檢驗結果決定是(shi)否降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)足,擴散期延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可按(an)照表1規(gui)定參數進行,為(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du),可采用在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中加裝氧傳(chuan)感 器(qi)的(de)方法進行監(jian)測和(he)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感器(qi)通過(guo)(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探頭(tou),將氣氛狀態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)電勢差,上述差值通過(guo)(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和(he)計算(suan),確(que)定碳(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)否合適并(bing)對其(qi)進行自動優化(hua)和(he)調(diao)整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)勢控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)可以達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可有效控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)質(zhi)量(liang),確(que)保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)設備采 用RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)期結束(shu)后(hou),零件(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火設備選用專(zhuan)用恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火介質(zhi)為(wei)專(zhuan)用等(deng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火油,介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒(heng)定在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)空冷(leng)。
為(wei)消除(chu)淬火后零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)殘(can)余應(ying)力(li)并(bing)防(fang)止淬火裂紋的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng),應(ying)盡(jin)快將淬火后的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)進行低(di)溫回(hui)火處(chu)理,具體工藝方法是在當爐溫升至(zhi)160℃左右(you)時零(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐,保溫120-150min后,出爐空冷(leng),回(hui)火設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)火爐。淬火及回(hui)火工藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)理后(hou)(hou)的(de)零件(jian)放(fang)在噴(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理,選用石(shi)英砂(sha)的(de)粒度為(wei)10-20目,在噴(pen)砂(sha)過 程(cheng)中要(yao)經(jing)常翻動零件(jian)使(shi)各面噴(pen)砂(sha)效果均(jun)勻。零件(jian)噴(pen)砂(sha)完(wan)后(hou)(hou),放(fang)入防銹(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在空氣中干 燥(zao)。需(xu)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)是(shi),防銹(xiu)處(chu)理必須在噴(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)(hou)24小時(shi)內完(wan)成。
效果
上述方法簡單實用,不需要專用裝備(bei)即可(ke)(ke)實現直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪的加工,且經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加工后的錐齒(chi)輪進(jin)行檢測,尺寸及形位精度(du)(du)均符合要求,滲碳層深度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相組(zu)織(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 單一的板條狀回火(huo)馬氏體組(zu)織(zhi),硬(ying)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全(quan)可(ke)(ke)以滿足該(gai)零件的質 量要求。